The Zulu people are part of the Nguni tribe and were originally a minor clan in what is today northern KwaZulu-Natal, founded ca. Modern human settlement occurred around 125,000 years ago in the Middle Stone Age, as shown by archaeological discoveries at Klasies River Caves. Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). By 1952, the brief flame of mass-based white radicalism was extinguished, when the Torch Commando disbanded due to government legislation under the Suppression of Communism Act, 1950. Genocide: A History. The provision of ARV treatment resulted in 100,000 fewer AIDS-related deaths in 2011 than in 2005. Luter South African. [55] The name Orange Free State was again changed to the Orange River Colony, created by Britain after the latter occupied it in 1900 and then annexed it in 1902 during the Second Boer War. This act augmented the Native Land Act of 1913 through the establishment of so-called "homelands" or "reserves". Like the Dutch before them, the British initially had little interest in the Cape Colony, other than as a strategically located port. [28] The VOC also brought some 71,000 slaves to Cape Town from India, Indonesia, East Africa, Mauritius, and Madagascar.[29]. Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how . Claimants to the site included the South African (Transvaal) Republic, the Orange Free State Republic, and the mixed-race Griqua nation under Nicolaas Waterboer. Johnson: This surname is a patronymic of John. Following in Dart's footsteps Robert Broom discovered a new much more robust hominid in 1938 Paranthropus robustus at Kromdraai, and in 1947 uncovered several more examples of Australopithecus africanus at Sterkfontein. The flag of Republic of South Africa was adopted on 26 April 1994. The name is pronounced Col-u-WHA. Van Riebeeck considered it impolitic to enslave the local Khoi and San aboriginals, so the VOC began to import large numbers of slaves, primarily from the Dutch colonies in Indonesia. [217], The immediate post-apartheid period was marked by an exodus of skilled, white South Africans amid crime related safety concerns. 27. "[201], The national liberation movement was divided in the early 1960s when an "Africanist" faction within the ANC objected to an alliance between the ANC and the Communist Party of South Africa. [90], Other members of the Ndebele ethnic language group in different areas of the region similarly came into conflict with the Voortrekkers, notably in the area that would later become the Northern Transvaal. Variant spellings include Prinzloo and Prinslo. [83] The British then set about establishing large sugar plantations in the area today named KwaZulu-Natal Province. [64], Over the next 50 years, 150,000 more indentured Indian servants and labourers arrived, as well as numerous free "passenger Indians," building the base for what would become the largest Indian diasporic community outside India. Prosecutions before the courts of the Union of South Africa were instituted in the name of the Crown and government officials served in the name of the Crown. 'The significance of the Cape trade route to economic activity in the Cape Colony: a medium-term business cycle analysis', European Review of Economic History, 14 (2010), pp. Many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to Britain and Ireland. Meanwhile, the British, who viewed their defeat at Majuba as an aberration, forged ahead with their desire to federate the Southern African colonies and republics. Mani is the reduced form of the South Indian surname Subramanian. The oldest is Little Foot, a collection of footbones of an unknown hominid between 2.2 and 3.3 million years old, discovered at Sterkfontein by Ronald J. Clarke. A series of battles ensued, in which Mzilikazi was eventually defeated. According to Solomon Johannes Terreblanche, a South African academic economist, the government's concessions to big business represented "treacherous decisions that [will] haunt South Africa for generations to come". Lerato (Southern African origin), meaning "love" in Sotho, pronounced LE-raa-too. It translates as "of the roof". 4. Afrikaner settlers in particular were loath to live under Moshoesoe's authority and among Africans.[84]. Those settlers who were allocated money could only claim it in Britain in person or through an agent. Kaya (Southern African origin), meaning "restful place," and is a Zulu name pronounced KAH-yah. The British then seized the Cape in 1795 to prevent it from falling into French hands. It marked the beginning of nine years of British intervention in the affairs of the region, which the British named Transorange. In late October, Boer commandos supported by local Kgatla tribal collaborators laid siege to the caves. [163], In the mid-1980s, police and army death squads conducted state-sponsored assassinations of dissidents and activists. [189], Both South Africa and Cuba claimed victory at the decisive battle of Cuito Cuanavale, which have been described as "the fiercest in Africa since World War II". Wilson Center Digital Archives, International History Declassified, Inge Tvedten, Angola: Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction, SIPRI Yearbook: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Ababio - Origin: Ghanaian. Gill: Gill is a Punjabi surname. Less than a handful of prosecutions were ever pursued. It is among the most common African last names. The exact numbers of all the victims may never be known. In 1845, a treaty was signed between the British colonists and Moshoeshoe, which recognised white settlement in the area. The cash-strapped post-apartheid government was obliged to repay this debt or else face a credit downgrading by foreign financial institutions. 29. Specifics of the contact between Bantu-speakers and the indigenous Khoisan ethnic group remain largely unresearched, although linguistic proof of assimilation exists, as several southern Bantu languages (notably Xhosa and Zulu) are theorised in that they incorporate many click consonants from the Khoisan languages, as possibilities of such developing independently are valid as well. It caused the consolidation of groups such as the Matebele, the Mfengu and the Makololo. In March 1858, after land disputes, cattle rustling and a series of raids and counter-raids, the Orange Free State declared war on the Basotho kingdom, which it failed to defeat. In 1896, the German Kaiser Kaiser Wilhelm had enraged Britain by sending congratulations to Boer republican leader Paul Kruger after Kruger's commandos captured a column of British South Africa Company soldiers engaged in an armed incursion and abortive insurrection, known historically as the Jameson Raid, into Boer territory. [223], A further financial burden was imposed on the new post-apartheid government through its obligation to provide antiretroviral (ARV) treatment to impoverished victims of the HIV/AIDS epidemic sweeping the country. Introduction: South Africa has a unique history of apartheid that has had significant implications on economic and social policies. Abara (Igbo origin) meaning "spirit". Archaeological discoveries of livestock bones on the Cape Peninsula indicate that the Khoikhoi began to settle there by about 2000 years ago. A given name may consist of only one name (the first name) or multiple names, in which case subsequent names are referred to as middle names. With a population of roughly 6 million, between 19141918, over 250,000 South Africans of all races voluntarily served their country. Da Gama gave the name Natal to the coast he was passing, which in Portuguese means Christmas. Kaiser Wilhelm's government arranged for the two Boer Republics to purchase modern breech-loading Mauser rifles and millions of smokeless gunpowder cartridges. The Zulu resulted in the mass movement of many tribes who in turn tried to dominate those in new territories, leading to widespread warfare and waves of displacement spread throughout southern Africa and beyond. There is also a Jat tribe with the same name. Surnames of South African origin (5 C, 5 P) Surnames of Swaziland origin (1 P) Surnames of Tunisian origin (10 P) Surnames of West African origin (5 C, 3 P) Swahili-language surnames (4 P) T Surnames of Tanzania (1 P) Y Yoruba-language surnames (103 P) Z Zambian surnames (33 P) Zimbabwean surnames (12 P) [better source needed]The progenitors of the extended clan were Maria Kickers, her first partner Ferdinands Appel, and her later husband Frederich Botha. [139][140], About 334,000 South Africans volunteered for full-time military service in support of the Allies abroad. The settlers, incorrectly, believed that the Cape Colony administration had taken the money due to them as payment for freeing their slaves. From the outset of hostilities in October 1899 to the signing of peace on 31 May 1902 the war claimed the lives of 22,000 imperial soldiers and 7,000 republican fighters. Pro-apartheid South Africans attempted to justify the Bantustan policy by citing the British government's 1947 partition of India, which they claimed was a similar situation that did not arouse international condemnation. A president may serve a maximum of two terms. 213, 219, 223, 224 Quote: Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998), Findings on the role of allies of the state, pages 227238, Peter Harris, "The role of rightwing vigilantes in South Africa", in. Under the provisions of the act, the Union became an independent Dominion of the British Empire, governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, with the British monarch represented by a Governor-General. 2. Desiree Hansson, "Changes in counter-revolutionary state strategy in the decade 197989", in Desiree Hansson and Dirk van Zyl Smit (eds.). When the British refused, Kruger declared war. 36. Special African Surnames, their Origin and What they Mean 1. The Land Act would form a cornerstone of legalised racial discrimination for the next nine decades. The Portuguese mariner Bartolomeu Dias was the first European to explore the coastline of South Africa in 1488, while attempting to discover a trade route to the Far East via the southernmost cape of South Africa, which he named Cabo das Tormentas, meaning Cape of Storms. Lynx Southern African, English. Afrikaners were split, with some like Botha and Smuts taking a prominent leadership role in the British war effort. [132] Eight South Africans won the Victoria Cross for gallantry, the Empire's highest and prestigious military medal. Both Prime Minister Louis Botha and Defence Minister Jan Smuts were former Second Boer War generals who had previously fought against the British, but they now became active and respected members of the Imperial War Cabinet. It is also a given name in Kerala. The country would only be readmitted to the UN in 1994 following its transition to democracy. Page 1 2. Britain's eventual defeat of the Zulus, marking the end of the Zulu nation's independence, was accomplished with the assistance of Zulu collaborators who harboured cultural and political resentments against centralised Zulu authority. Many of the 1820 Settlers eventually settled in Grahamstown and Port Elizabeth. Griqualand then became a separate Crown Colony renamed Griqualand West in 1871, with a Lieutenant-General and legislative council. [147] When the war ended, the OB was one of the anti-parliamentary groups absorbed into the National Party.[148][149]. Eventually, in the 1830s, large numbers of Boers migrated in what came to be known as the Great Trek. [11][12][13], The San and Khoikhoi are essentially distinguished only by their respective occupations. By 1902, 26,000 Boer women and children had died of disease and neglect in the camps. At the start of the war, Bank of England officials in London worked with South Africa to block gold shipments to Germany, and force mine owners to sell only to the British Treasury, at prices set by the Treasury. It comes from the word Latin "praetor" and it's very common in South Africa. The descendants of unions between the Dutch settlers and the Khoi-San and Malay slaves became known officially as the Cape Coloureds and the Cape Malays, respectively. It has been described as one of the most important paleontological discoveries in modern times. -- 262 p. CS3080.S6 R6 Bibliography: p. 261-262. [40] Among the initial reasons for their leaving the Cape colony were the English language rule. The attack failed, with British forces then retreating back to Durban, which the Boers besieged. In 1874, Henry Bartle Frere was sent to South Africa as High Commissioner for the British Empire to bring such plans into being. Natalia was a short-lived Boer republic established in 1839 by Boer Voortrekkers emigrating from the Cape Colony. The South African Institute of Race Relations estimated in 2008 that 800,000 or more white people had emigrated since 1995, out of the approximately 4,000,000 who were in South Africa when apartheid formally ended the year before. Until that point, President Paul Kruger's government had excluded all foreigners from the franchise. The armed incursion became known as the Jameson Raid. Prinsloo is an Afrikaans surname. South Africa's prehistory has been divided into two phases based on broad patterns of technology namely the Stone Age and Iron Age.After the discovery of hominins at Taung and australopithecine fossils in limestone caves at Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, and Kromdraai these areas were collectively . 83,000 Blacks and 2,500 Coloureds and Asians also served in either German South-West Africa, East Africa, the Middle East, or on the Western Front in Europe. The ANC had risen to power on the strength of a socialist agenda embodied in a Freedom Charter, which was intended to form the basis of ANC social, economic and political policies. [175][176], In early-November 1975, immediately after Portugal granted independence to its former African colony of Angola, civil war broke out between the rival UNITA and MPLA movements. The Cape and the VOC had to import Dutch farmers to establish farms to supply the passing ships as well as to supply the growing VOC settlement. Abebe - Origin: Ethiopian. This territory and others in the region then became the Republic of the Orange Free State.[85]. [3], European exploration of the African coast began in the 13th century when Portugal committed itself to discover an alternative route to the silk road that would lead to China. Similarly, schools, justice and trade up to the arrival of the British, were all managed in the Dutch language. Religion was a very important aspect of the settlers culture and the bible and church services were in Dutch. 35. Anthony Egan, Review of "The Hidden Thread: Russia and South Africa in the Soviet Era" by Irina Filatova & Apollon Davidson, Phyllis Johnson & David Martin, Apartheid Terrorism: The destabilisation report, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989, p.122, UN General Assembly, res n 2154 (XXI), 17 November 1966. The "aliens" objected to being denied parliamentary representation and the right to vote, and they complained also of bureaucratic government delays in the issuing of licenses and permits, and general administrative incompetence on the part of the government.[119]. [158], In the aftermath of the 1976 Soweto uprising and the security clampdown that accompanied it, Joint Management Centres (JMCs) operating in at least 34 State-designated "high-risk" areas became the key element in a National Security Management System. From 2629 April 1994, the South African population voted in the first universal suffrage general elections. As Cape Prime Minister, Rhodes curtailed the multi-racial franchise, and his expansionist policies set the stage for the Second Boer War. [224], Migrant labour remained a fundamental aspect of the South African mining industry, which employed half a million mostly black miners. [242] The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) found that competition over jobs, business opportunities, public services and housing gave rise to tension among refugees, asylum seekers, migrants and host communities, identified as a main cause of the xenophobic violence. After considerable debate, and following submissions from advocacy groups, individuals and ordinary citizens, the Parliament enacted a new Constitution and Bill of Rights in 1996. The colony, with an estimated population of less than 400,000 in 1904[56] ceased to exist in 1910, when it was absorbed into the Union of South Africa as the Orange Free State Province. An estimated five thousand Zulu warriors were involved. . [24], Colonel Robert Jacob Gordon of the Dutch East India Company was the first European to explore parts of the interior while commanding the Dutch garrison at the renamed Cape of Good Hope, from 1780 to 1795. 5. The rebellion was suppressed, and at least one officer was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) was introduced . "[185] The Angolan government described the target of the attack as a refugee camp. The stat was also shown on television, which . The name is derived from the dutch word Prins (meaning prince), and a loo suffix meaning clearing in the forest. Manpower, from all races, helped Allied operations not just on the Western Front and Africa, but also in the Middle East against the Ottoman Empire. The small initial group of free burghers, as these farmers were known, steadily increased in number and began to expand their farms further north and east into the territory of the Khoikhoi. Sorry, we couldn't find geographic distribution information for South African. Madia South African. Ransford, Oliver. ): Fourie, J.; Boshoff, W. (2008). [114] The decision was made to start importing Chinese indentured labourers who were prepared to work for far less wages than local African labourers. [30] Simon van der Stel, the first Governor of the Dutch settlement, famous for his development of the lucrative South African wine industry, was himself of mixed race-origin. He withdrew from the area and led his people northwards to what would later become the Matabele region of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Boer Voortrekkers in 1838 established the Republic of Natalia in the surrounding region, with its capital at Pietermaritzburg. [72] East Griqualand was subsequently annexed by Britain in 1874 and incorporated into the Cape Colony in 1879. One of our 3 capital cities is also . Meaning "lynx" in English. Lwando Southern African. Britain, due to the military burden imposed on it by the Crimean War in Europe, then withdrew its troops from the territory in 1854, when the territory along with other areas in the region was claimed by the Boers as an independent Boer republic, which they named the Orange Free State. The diggings were located in an area of vague boundaries and disputed land ownership. The Cape was relinquished back to the Dutch in 1803. Abara - Origin: West African (Igbo). Snyman Afrikaans Afrikaans version of the German surname Schneider, which is German for tailor. By January 1907, 53,000 Chinese labourers were working in the gold mines.[115]. The prehistory and history of South Africa span nearly the entire known existence of human beings and their ancestorssome three million years or moreand include the wandering of small bands of hominins through the savanna, the inception of herding and farming as ways of life, and the construction of large urban centres. From the 1830s onwards, numbers of white settlers from the Cape Colony crossed the Orange River and started arriving in the fertile southern part of territory known as the Lower Caledon Valley, which was occupied by Basotho cattle herders under the authority of the Basotho founding monarch Moshoeshoe I. By the end of the siege, about three weeks later, Mokopane and between 1,000 and 3,000 people had died in the caves. [37], Early relations between the European settlers and the Xhosa, the first Bantu peoples they met when they ventured inward, were peaceful. Smuts also signed the Paris Peace Treaty, resolving the peace in Europe, thus becoming the only signatory of both the treaty ending the First World War, and that which ended the Second.[140]. [1] Origin [ edit] Unlike many other popular South-African family names, which can often be unambiguously traced back to English, Dutch, or Huguenot French, the origin of the name Coetzee is unclear. Abimbola: Amani (Ethiopian origin) means "faith". Popular South African Surnames and Meanings Abara - This surname is of Igbo origin and it means "spirit." Adebisi - The meaning of this last name is "the king" and it is of Yoruba origin. [190] However, the South African military had lost air superiority and its technological advantage, largely due to an international arms embargo against the country. The civil rights struggle of Gandhi's Natal Indian Congress failed; until the 1994 advent of democracy, Indians in South Africa were subject to most of the discriminatory laws that applied to all non-white inhabitants of the country.[66]. [191] South African involvement in Angola ended formally after the signing of a United Nations-brokered agreement known as the New York Accords between the governments of Angola, Cuba and South Africa, resulting in the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Angola and also South Africa's withdrawal from South West Africa (now Namibia), which the UN regarded as illegally occupied since 1966. [208], A total of 130 political prisoners were hanged on the gallows of Pretoria Central Prison between 1960 and 1990. [228] The slow pace of transformation also fomented tensions within the tripartite alliance between the ANC, the Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions.[229]. A key act of legislation during this time was the Homeland Citizens Act of 1970. The Cape nonetheless remained nominally part of the British Empire, even though it was self-governing in practice. 2. He appealed to the British for help against Ndlambe, who retaliated in 1819 during the Fifth Frontier War by attacking the British colonial town of Grahamstown. Sotho-speakers know this period as the difaqane ("forced migration"); Zulu-speakers call it the mfecane ("crushing"). [233] The Zondo Commission of Inquiry was appointed during the Presidency of Cyril Ramaphosa to investigate allegations of state capture related corruption. An academic study conducted in 2006, found that South Africans showed levels of xenophobia greater than anywhere else in the world. The National Party championed Afrikaner interests, advocating separate development for the two white groups, and independence from Britain. There are 3,000 census records available for the last name South African. After lengthy negotiations under the auspices of the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), a draft constitution was published on 26 July 1993, containing concessions towards all sides: a federal system of regional legislatures, equal voting-rights regardless of race, and a bicameral legislature. Your partner in parenting from baby name inspiration to college planning. [249][250] By mid-July, the South African National Defense Forces had deployed approximately 25,000 military personnel. South Africa had the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS compared to any other country in the world, with 5,600,000 people afflicted by the disease and 270,000 HIV-related deaths were recorded in 2011. Remains of hanged prisoners to be exhumed. [14][15][16] The initial origin of the Khoikhoi remains uncertain.[17][18]. [9], Many more species of early hominid have come to light in recent decades. [133] The Mendi disaster was one of South Africa's worst tragedies of the Great War, second perhaps only to the Battle of Delville Wood. [159], On 16 December 1966, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2202 A (XXI) identified apartheid as a "crime against humanity". Da Gama's fleet proceeded northwards to Zanzibar and later sailed eastwards, eventually reaching India and opening the Cape Route between Europe and Asia. Scientists researching the periods before written historical records were made have established that the territory of what is now referred to generically as South Africa was one of the important centers of human evolution. Census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your South African ancestors, such as occupation. The Great Trek. [181][182][183], Between 1975 and 1988, the SADF continued to stage massive conventional raids into Angola and Zambia to eliminate PLAN's forward operating bases across the border from Namibia as well as provide support for UNITA. [102], In 1888, British mining magnate Cecil John Rhodes co-founded De Beers Consolidated Mines at Kimberley, after buying up and amalgamating the individual claims with finance provided by the Rothschild dynasty. Southern Africa was later populated by Bantu-speaking people who migrated from the western region of central Africa during the early centuries AD. [71], In 1861, to avoid the imminent prospect of either being colonised by the Cape Colony or coming into conflict with the expanding Boer Republic of Orange Free State, most of the Philippolis Griquas embarked on a further trek. Between 19601994, according to statistics from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the Inkatha Freedom Party was responsible for 4,500 deaths, South African Police 2,700, and the ANC about 1,300. [citation needed], The TRC, at the conclusion of its mandate in 2004, handed over a list of 300 names of alleged perpetrators to the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) for investigation and prosecution by the NPA's Priority Crimes Litigation Unit. [67] Members of this mixed-race community formed the core of what was to become the Griqua people. The prisoners were mainly members of the Pan Africanist Congress and United Democratic Front.[209]. By the late 1700s, the Cape Colony population had grown to include a large number of mixed-race so-called "coloureds" who were the offspring of extensive interracial relations between male Dutch settlers, Khoikhoi females, and female slaves imported from Dutch colonies in the East. Afrikaans, previously regarded as a low-level Dutch patois, replaced Dutch as an official language of the Union. This position was rejected by many rural Afrikaners who supported the Maritz Rebellion. The farmers complained they could not replace the labour of their slaves without losing an excessive amount of money. [108], Within two years of gold being discovered on the Witwatersrand, four mining finance houses had been established. The precious metal that underpinned international trade would dominate South African exports for decades to come. Long-standing Boer resentment turned into full-blown rebellion in the Transvaal and the first AngloBoer War, also known as the Boer Insurrection, broke out in 1880. Alternatively, if you wish to search for a specific person then please enter the details in the . Under the post-apartheid Constitution the president is head of both state and government. [152] On 11 March 1994, several hundred AWB members formed part of an armed right-wing force that invaded the nominally independent "homeland" territory of Bophuthatswana, in a failed attempt to prop up its unpopular, conservative leader Chief Lucas Mangope. Pronounce it KAH-yah. Moshoeshoe was under the impression he was loaning grazing land to the settlers in accordance with African precepts of occupation rather than ownership, while the settlers believed they had been granted permanent land rights. Fourie, J. Historically, surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation, place of origin, clan affiliation, patronage, parentage, adoption, and even physical characteristics (like red hair). Abeba [168], The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) would later establish that a covert, informal network of former or still serving army and police operatives, frequently acting in conjunction with extreme right-wing elements, was involved in actions that could be construed as fomenting violence and which resulted in gross human rights violations, including random and targeted killings. A list of references about Personal Names or Surnames at the Local History and Genealogy Reading Room at the Library of Congress. [197], From the 1940s to the 1960s, anti-apartheid resistance within the country took the form mainly of passive resistance, influenced in part by the pacifist ideology of Mahatma Gandhi. The death penalty was abolished, land reform and redistribution policies were introduced, and equitable labour laws legislated. [26] Many Portuguese words are still found along the coast of South Africa including Saldanha, Algoa, Natal, Agulhas, Benguela and Lucia. 30. [222] The debt was finally settled in September 2001. [211] As the culmination of mounting local and international opposition to apartheid in the 1980s, including the armed struggle, widespread civil unrest, economic and cultural sanctions by the international community, and pressure from the anti-apartheid movement around the world, State President F. W. de Klerk announced the lifting of the ban on the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress and the South African Communist Party, as well as the release of political prisoner Nelson Mandela on 2 February 1990, after twenty-seven years in prison. Starting from the mid-1800s, the Cape of Good Hope, which was then the largest state in southern Africa, began moving towards greater independence from Britain. The Boers kept on fighting. [218] As of 2021, tens of thousands of white South Africans continue to emigrate each year. 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Sotho, pronounced LE-raa-too the Pan Africanist Congress and United Democratic Front. [ ]... The 1830s, large numbers of all the victims may never be known as the,! Empire south african surname origins even though it was self-governing in practice through the establishment of so-called `` homelands '' ``... The franchise policies set the stage for the two white groups, and least. On the gallows of Pretoria Central Prison between 1960 and 1990, commandos... African origin ), meaning & quot ; spirit & quot ; spirit & quot ; faith & quot.... Church services were in Dutch Homeland Citizens Act of 1913 through the establishment of so-called `` homelands '' ``! You where and how African population voted in the area of this mixed-race community formed the of... Allocated money could only claim it in Britain in person or through an agent British effort. The same name of skilled, white South Africans won the Victoria Cross for,! Same name local history and Genealogy Reading Room at the local history and Genealogy Reading Room the...