NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having bipolar disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. Heart attack: Heart attacks cause pain, exhaustion, and shortness of breath, which can result in slurred speech. Disability advocacy groups emphasize that it is important not to assume people are homebound if they are disabled. The medical profession favors use of the terms mental disorder or psychopathology. In U.S. criminal law, insanity is a legal question, not a medical one. However, organizations such as the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, the Mayo Clinic and the National Stuttering Association generally use the term stuttering to refer to the speech disorder. Some of the more common genetic conditions include cystic fibrosis, Huntingtons disease, and sickle cell anemia. Proponents of the term say it helps to destigmatize relationships between people with disabilities and people without disabilities. Background: Paraplegia is defined as the loss of movement in the lower extremities and torso. Background: These phrases are used to describe conditions in which arms, legs, fingers, or toes are missing, not fully formed or shaped in a different way, either as a result of an amputation or a congenital condition. WebInclude plenty of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables in their diet. Instead, we hope you will double down to find out how people would like to be described. The terms mental illness and mental disorder are not interchangeable. Some people with ADHD prefer to say they have the condition; others prefer to say they are ADHD. The Center for Substance Abuse Treatment recommends using people-first language when referring to alcoholism, such as someone with alcoholism or someone with an alcohol addiction., NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone who harmfully uses alcohol as a person with alcoholism rather than an alcoholic, which tends to identify someone solely by their disease. But not all people who appear to haveseizures haveepilepsy, a group of related disorders characterized by a tendency for recurrentseizures., NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having epilepsy only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: Because anonymity is central to the organization, disclose that someone is a member of Alcoholics Anonymous only if it is essential to the story. Even the term disability is not universally accepted. Common congenital disabilities include Down syndrome, heart-related medical conditions and most forms of cerebral palsy. Background: The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines freak as one that is markedly unusual or abnormal, such as a person or animal having a physical oddity and appearing in a circus sideshow. This particular use of the word dates to the middle of the 19th century. WebAlcohol is widely known to cause slurred speech because it slows down how the brain communicates with the body. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the person with the disability how they would like to be described. Instead, state the nature of the disability or injury. Use interpreter only for those who have completed advanced training. The most common forms of mental illness are anxiety disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia disorders. The device does not fully restore hearing, but it gives a representation of sounds to help a person understand speech. A birth defect is a physical or biochemical difference that is present at birth. AP style: The stylebook allows the use of vegetative state, describing it as a condition in which the eyes are open and can move, and the patient has periods of sleep and periods of wakefulness, but remains unconscious, unaware of self or others.. The disorder was originally named for French neurologist Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette, who first described the condition in 1885, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use these words, particularly when reporting on mental illness, unless they are part of a quote that is essential to the story. Jonas Salk introduced the polio vaccine in the 1950s, which drastically reduced cases of polio in the U.S. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having schizophrenia only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. People with disabilities spoke out on social media about this, and long haulers now understand firsthand what some people with disabilities experience. Psychoanalyst: A specific type of psychotherapist trained to work with both an individuals unconscious and unconscious mind. Deaf-mute was traditionally used to refer to people who can neither speak nor hear in traditional ways. Background: The Oxford English dictionary defines an invalid as a person made weak or disabled by illness or injury. It is probably the oldest term for someone with physical conditions that are considered seriously limiting. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. AAC may be used on second reference. Dont say that an awards show, for example, was schizophrenic., Background: According to the Mayo Clinic: A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. NCDJ Recommendation: The proper term for the disorder is Down syndrome, not Downs syndrome or Downs Syndrome. See entry on Dissociative identity disorder/multiple personality disorder. The World Federation of the Deaf has taken the stance that hearing impaired is no longer an acceptable term. Referring to someone as a paraplegic is offensive to some people as it implies that their condition defines them. For example, the National Center on Deaf-Blindness retains the hyphen. In the first case, we suggest the answer is no. The fact that someone uses a wheelchair does not make the airplane noise any more or less irritating. It is characterized by new muscle weakness, joint and muscle pain and fatigue., NCDJ Recommendation: Use the term polio rather than infantile paralysis. Brain Damage There are many degrees of brain damage that range from mild to severe. Background: Dwarfism is a medical or genetic condition that results in a stature below 410, according to Little People of America. NCDJ Recommendation: Many people prefer people-first language, such as a person with tetraplegia rather than tetraplegic, since this implies that the condition defines them. Background: Total blindness is the complete lack of perception of either light or form. Severity and symptoms vary widely. Gradual blood vessel damage: High blood pressure and high blood sugar cause damage over time. When possible, ask sources how they would like to be described. The field was founded by Sigmund Freud. (There are physical considerations that rule out cochlear implants for some.). Deaf and hard of hearing are the terms recommended by the World Federation of the Deaf and The National Association of the Deaf. The terms intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled, cognitive disability and intellectual disability are acceptable when used in a people-first context to describe someone with Down syndrome, such as the person has a developmental disability. However, it is more accurate to refer specifically to Down syndrome when that is the medically diagnosed condition. Background: The majority of people with disabilities have chronic conditions that are invisible or hidden. It can be appropriate when used in a medical context, such as abnormal curvature of the spine or an abnormal test result. However, when used to describe an individual, abnormal is widely viewed as derogatory. Aging and exposure to loud noise may cause wear and tear on the hairs or nerve cells in the Background: There are a number of types of mental health professionals. Background: The word deaf describes a person with profound or complete hearing loss. If you are going to use it in a quote, consider that decision carefully, as the word is particularly charged. Referring to someone as an epileptic is often considered offensive. Background: Autism spectrum disorder is a group of complex disorders related to brain development, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Noisy environments make understanding even harder No matter where you find yourself, untreated hearing loss can make understanding speech difficult. For example, some people have Alzheimers disease and vascular dementia.. In general, blind or legally blind is acceptable for people with complete or almost complete vision loss. Background: Prelingually deaf refers to individuals who were born deaf or became deaf prior to learning to understand and speak a language, according to Gallaudet University, a university for the education of the deaf and hard of hearing in Washington, D.C. Postlingually deaf or late-deafened describes people who lost their hearing ability after they learned to speak a language. AP style: Addressed in entry for Trauma, suggesting that traumatic brain injury is an acceptable use of the word trauma., Background: A caregiver is an individual who provides direct care to people with disabilities and others, according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Healthyplace.com has The word dates to Old English, where it was related to words that meant to creep or bend over. According to the blog grammarphobia.com, it became offensive in the early 20th century and was replaced by handicapped and then by disabled., Recently, some disability activists have reclaimed the word. Do not use the terms addiction and dependence interchangeably. Be cautious about calling someone an ableist just as you would be cautious about calling someone a racist or a sexist. Nasal, raspy or strained voice. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having depression only if the information is relevant to the story and you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. In short, impairment refers to the condition of an organ or structure of the body; disability means that a person has a functional limitation due to an impairment. Refer to a disability only when its relevant to the story and, when possible, confirm the diagnosis with a reputable source, such as a medical professional or other licensed professional. slurred slowed hoarse stuttered rapid Depending on the underlying cause of your speech impairment, you may also experience other symptoms, such as: drooling NCDJ Recommendation: Ask your sources what term they prefer. Avoid using it casually as it may be offensive and inaccurate. NCDJ Recommendation: The words abnormal or abnormality might be acceptable when describing scientific phenomena, such as abnormalities in brain function. Terminology for the disorder is varied. Historically it was called mongoloidism, and people with it were called Mongoloids; this is now considered offensive. It is best to ask people which term they prefer to describe them. These foods have important vitamins and help keep the lining of the throat healthy. Otherwise, hard of hearing is almost always acceptable. Several U.S. disability groups have always used identity-first terms, specifically the culturally Deaf community and the autistic rights community. Slurring your words can be commonly caused by exhaustion or alcohol consumption. Common symptoms across forms of dementia include memory loss, difficulty performing complex tasks, communication difficulties, personality changes and paranoia, according to the A person enrolled in a treatment center should be referred to as a patient. The discussion can be found here. Some degenerative diseases can cause dysarthria, a motor speech disorder. AP style: Not directly addressed, although the style book recommends avoiding using disability-related words lightly or in unrelated situations. NCDJ Recommendation: Blind may be used for people who have complete or almost complete loss of sight. Dysarthria. Those with such disabilities often require lifelong or extended support. Background: Muscular dystrophy could refer to any of more than 30 genetic conditions characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the muscles that control movement, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. The concept of triggering originated with early psychoanalytical diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder, called war neuroses, in WWI veterans. Alzheimers disease is the most common form of dementia. Most are proud to be Deaf. It is preferable to say, He had polio as a child;She contracted polio as an adult, or He has post-polio syndrome rather than He suffers from polio or He is a victim of polio., Background: Injury is commonly used to describe any harm or damage to an individual as the result of an accident or other event. For us, this really emphasizes the fact that no two people are the same either with regard to disabilities or language preferences. See also Bipolar disorder and Mental illness/mental disorder, Background: The Centers for Disease Control defines developmental disabilities as a group of conditions (that arise) due to an impairment in physical, learning, language or behavior areas. Consider stating that someone has epilepsy or has been diagnosed with epilepsy instead. Some people with autism prefer being referred to as autistic or an autistic person. Others object to using autistic as an adjective. But what is relevant is not always clear. Background: The phrased disabled people is an example of identity-first language (in contrast to people-first language). This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. Typical can be a better choice. Also, according to NOAH, the term albino has been used throughout history in a hateful way; therefore many prefer the people-first term, person with albinism.. Use non-disabled or people without disabilities instead of healthy, able-bodied, normal or whole.. Many people object to the use of the word to describe a physical condition because it is used in colloquial English as a synonym for weak, as in: Thats a lame excuse., The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines lamebrain as a dull-witted person.. Many chronic health conditions also are considered invisible disabilities, depending on their severity and impact on daily living. question whether there is such a thing as a gifted child. However, use the term the person prefers if its possible to ask. Background: Schizophrenia is a serious chronic mental illness characterized by distorted recognition and interpretations of reality, affecting how an individual thinks, feels and acts, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.Common symptoms include visual and auditory hallucinations, delusional and disordered thinking, unresponsiveness, and a lack of pleasure in daily life and other social issues. Do your best. The terms senility and senile denote conditions brought on by aging and often are used incorrectly to denote dementia. AA members do not pay dues or fees; rather, it is supported through contributions. However, it is such a general term that it fails to accurately describe a persons condition and is now widely viewed as offensive in that it implies that a person lacks abilities. Concept of triggering originated with early psychoanalytical diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder, called neuroses! 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