(5) reside in the district during the judge's term of office. (2) prescribe a reasonable period, which may not exceed 45 days, after the provision of that notice during which the court may not enter a judgment holding the statute unconstitutional. A majority of such voters, however, voting at such election, may remove a county seat from a point more than five miles from the geographical centre of the county to a point within five miles of such centre, in either case the centre to be determined by a certificate from the Commissioner of the General Land Office. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this union; but no new states shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned as well as of the Congress. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Nov. 8, 1977, and Nov. 4, 1980.). (b) The Supreme Court shall also have power, upon affidavit or otherwise as by the court may be determined, to ascertain such matters of fact as may be necessary to the proper exercise of its jurisdiction. b. Sec. (13) This Section 1-a is alternative to and cumulative of, the methods of removal of persons holding an office named in Paragraph A of Subsection (6) of this Section provided elsewhere in this Constitution. In the trial of all causes in the district courts, the plaintiff or defendant shall, upon application made in open court, have the right of trial by jury; but no jury shall be empaneled in any civil case unless demanded by a party to the case, and a jury fee be paid by the party demanding a jury, for such sum, and with such exceptions as may be prescribed by the Legislature. If such tax is authorized, the district shall by resolution assume the responsibilities, obligations, and liabilities of the county in the manner and to the extent hereinabove provided for political subdivisions having boundaries coextensive with the district, and the county shall not thereafter levy taxes (other than herein provided) for hospital purposes nor for providing hospital care for needy individuals of the county. 4 OF COMANCHE COUNTY. 27: See Appendix, Note 3.). Texas utilizes a plural executive which means the power of the Governor is limited and distributed amongst other government officials.In other words, there is not one government official in Texas that is solely responsible for the Texas Executive Branch. No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. TRIAL BY JURY IN CIVIL CASES. In the event of a vacancy in the appointed membership, the vacancy is filled for the unexpired term in the same manner as the original appointment. 16. Article IV addresses something different: the states' relations with each other, sometimes called "horizontal federalism." Its first section, the Full Faith and Credit Clause, requires every state, as part of a single nation, to give a certain measure of respect to every other state's laws and institutions. Table 2.2 Articles of the Texas Constitution of 1876, The Texas Constitution's Bill of Rights Similar civil liberties and civil rights as in the U.S. Constitutions Bill of Rights, Establishes three branches of government with separation of powers, Specifics about the Texas Judicial system, -any convicted felon who has not completed their sentence, or. Bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives and a Senate. The rights of an incumbent so retired to retirement benefits shall be the same as if his retirement had been voluntary. How are we doing? Hi, it looks like JavaScript has been disabled in your browser. (d) When the boundaries of commissioners precincts are changed, each commissioner in office on the effective date of the change, or elected to a term of office beginning on or after the effective date of the change, shall serve in the precinct to which each was elected or appointed for the entire term to which each was elected or appointed, even though the change in boundaries places the person's residence outside the precinct for which he was elected or appointed. (13-a) added Nov. 2, 2021.) COUNTY COURTS: JURISDICTION; COUNTY JUDGE POWERS; DISQUALIFICATION OF COUNTY JUDGE. The board shall complete its work on the reapportionment and file its order with the secretary of state not later than August 31 of the same year. The Luther v. Borden ruling left the responsibility to establish guidelines for the republican nature of state governments in the hands of the Congress. Digital images of these are available through Texas Constitutions 1824-1876, a project of the Tarlton Law Library and the University of Texas at Austin's School of Law. Directors shall serve without compensation for a term fixed by the Legislature not to exceed six (6) years, shall be selected on the basis of the proportionate population of each county based upon the last preceding Federal Census, and shall be residents of such county. 20. While the Supreme Court's holding in Luther v. Borden still holds today, the Court, by looking to the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (adopted 19 years after Luther v. Borden was decided), has developed new criteria for determining which questions are political in nature and which are justiciable. What role do you feel Hyundai's 10-year, 100,000 -mile warranty played in its turnaround? Counties of a less area than nine hundred, but of seven hundred or more square miles, within counties now existing, may be created by a two-thirds vote of each House of the Legislature, taken by yeas and nays and entered on the journals. (a) amended Nov. 2, 1999.) 2: See Appendix, Note 3.). 13. 9. Fort Worth Star-Telegram. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. 2: See Appendix, Note 1.). If such tax is authorized, no political subdivision or municipality within or having the same boundaries as the district may levy a tax for medical or hospital care for needy individuals, nor shall they maintain or erect hospital facilities, but the district shall by resolution assume all such responsibilities and shall assume all of the liabilities and obligations (including bonds and warrants) of such subdivisions or municipalities or both. Its appellate jurisdiction shall be final and shall extend to all cases except in criminal law matters and as otherwise provided in this Constitution or by law. e. Article Four of the United States Constitution outlines the relationship between the various states, as well as the relationship between each state and the United States federal government. The Property Clause grants Congress the power to make laws for the territories and other federal lands. This tax is in addition to any other tax authorized by this constitution. (a) A vacancy in the office of Chief Justice, Justice, or Judge of the Supreme Court, the Court of Criminal Appeals, the Court of Appeals, or the District Courts shall be filled by the Governor until the next succeeding General Election for state officers, and at that election the voters shall fill the vacancy for the unexpired term. 6: See Appendix, Note 1.). The current constitution took effect on February 15, 1876. The court must sit en banc during proceedings involving capital punishment and other cases as required by law. This disqualification of judges of inferior tribunals shall be remedied and vacancies in their offices filled as may be prescribed by law. gov.texas.gov. CREATION AND FUNDING OF HOSPITAL DISTRICTS IN CITY OF AMARILLO, WICHITA COUNTY, AND JEFFERSON COUNTY. Under the law relating to the removal of an active Justice or Judge, the Commission and the review tribunal may prohibit a retired or former Judge from holding judicial office in the future or from sitting on a court of this State by assignment. (Added Nov. 2, 1948; Subsecs. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISIONS for Sec. Provided, that the decision of said courts shall be conclusive on all questions of fact brought before them on appeal or error. Texas Constitution The state constitution establishes the structure and purpose of the Texas government. The Constitution of the United States contains a preamble and seven articles that describe the way the government is structured and how it operates. Sec. The Legislature may by law authorize the creation of county-wide Hospital Districts in counties having a population in excess of 190,000 and in Galveston County, with power to issue bonds for the purchase, acquisition, construction, maintenance and operation of any county owned hospital, or where the hospital system is jointly operated by a county and city within the county, and to provide for the transfer to the county-wide Hospital District of the title to any land, buildings or equipment, jointly or separately owned, and for the assumption by the district of any outstanding bonded indebtedness theretofore issued by any county or city for the establishment of hospitals or hospital facilities; to levy a tax not to exceed seventy-five ($ .75) cents on the One Hundred ($100.00) Dollars valuation of all taxable property within such district, provided, however, that such district shall be approved at an election held for that purpose, and that only qualified voters in such county shall vote therein; provided further, that such Hospital District shall assume full responsibility for providing medical and hospital care to needy inhabitants of the county, and thereafter such county and cities therein shall not levy any other tax for hospital purposes; and provided further that should such Hospital District construct, maintain and support a hospital or hospital system, that the same shall never become a charge against the State of Texas, nor shall any direct appropriation ever be made by the Legislature for the construction, maintenance or improvement of the said hospital or hospitals. The Legislature shall provide for transfer of title to properties to the district. The structure of the current constitution of Texas (Constitution of 1876) is a Preamble, 17 Articles, and 491 Amendments (Since 2015) 3. This clause was added to the clause that provided extradition for fugitives from justice.[4]. 5. AUTHORITY OF COASTAL COUNTIES TO REGULATE MOTOR VEHICLES AND LITTERING ON BEACHES. Please take our patron satisfaction survey! Why is some risk not diversifiable? Neither of these theories has been endorsed by the Supreme Court, which has held that the clause means that a state may not discriminate against citizens of other states in favor of its own citizens. 6: See Appendix, Note 3.). If the tax is authorized by the legislature and approved by the voters of the area to be taxed, the Amarillo Hospital District shall, by resolution, assume the responsibilities, obligations, and liabilities of Randall County in accordance with Subsection (a) of this section and, except as provided by this subsection, Randall County may not levy taxes or issue bonds for hospital purposes or for providing hospital care for needy inhabitants of the county. Texas Constitution Braden's Annotated Texas Constitution Guide to Historical Texas Constitutions. Amended Nov. 7, 1978, and Nov. 5, 1985.). Upon an order for involuntary retirement for disability or an order for removal, the office in question shall become vacant. (b) Each county shall, in the manner provided for justice of the peace and constable precincts, be divided into four commissioners precincts in each of which there shall be elected by the qualified voters thereof one County Commissioner, who shall hold his office for four years and until his successor shall be elected and qualified. He shall receive as compensation for his services such fees and perquisites as may be prescribed by law. [21] The court rejected the challenge, finding the challenge to have presented a nonjusticiable political question that only Congress can resolve. 14 added Nov. 6, 2001.) Sec. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. The previous six were the 1827 Constitution of the State of Coahuila and Tejas, the 1836Constitution of the Republic of Texas,and different versions of the constitution of Texas for the years 1845, 1861, 1866, and 1869. The federal government owns about twenty-eight percent of the land in the United States. (Added Nov. 8, 1960; Subsec. Which clause of the US Constitution states that the Constitution and laws passed by the national government and all treaties are the supreme law of the land and superior to all laws adopted by any state? (Former Sec. (6) A. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Nov. 4, 1930, Nov. 4, 1980, and Nov. 6, 2001.) Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Aug. 25, 1945, Nov. 4, 1980, and Nov. 6, 2001; Subsec. All the obligations of perpetual union, and all the guaranties of republican government in the Union, attached at once to the State. The exact scope of this clause has long been a matter of debate. If the district hereinabove authorized is finally created, no other hospital district may be created embracing any part of the territory within its boundaries, but the Legislature by law may authorize the creation of a hospital district incorporating therein the remainder of Jefferson County, having the powers and duties and with the limitations presently provided by Article IX, Section 4, of the Constitution of Texas. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new States shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. Sec. 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