The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. The first is savanna, which, in wetter portions of the Western highlands, consists of montane tropical vegetation with dense, luxuriant forests and rich undergrowth. In the two South Hemisphere ecoregions, soils on older substrata of uplands are generally highly leached lithosols in South Africa and by laterites and the process of podzolization in southern Australia; they have been exposed to weathering since the Paleozoic or even the Precambrian. Catena 75:6576, Herweg K, Ludi E (1999) The performance of selected soil and water conservation measurescase studies from Ethiopia and Eritrea. Geomorphological Landscapes of Ethiopia. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556]>> Soil erodibility (K_factor) was estimated based on Kaltenrieder (2007) soil erodibility estimation for different soil types adapted to Ethiopian condition. 2012). As shown in Fig. . The USLE model does no account Gully erosion in the watershed. Based on the classification, two sub watersheds fell under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/yr), 22 sub-watersheds fell under low erosion severity classes (15 ton/ha/yr). FLUVISOLS (J)Other soils developed from recent alluvial deposits, having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric or an umbric A horizon, an H horizon, or a sulfuric horizon. 10). Based on the classification, two sub watersheds fell under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/yr), 22 sub-watersheds fell under low erosion severity classes (15 ton/ha/yr). Mangroves occur along the coast, in muddy wadi mouths and inlets. Part of Springer Nature. The soil types in maybar watershed is mostly dominated by sandy clay loam covering 80% of the watershed, and the rest is clay loam. 8), which is within the ranges of Bekele et al. [2] Most of the people have to build their houses with clay to keep the hot outside and the cold outside. The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. 537, Wischmeier WH, Smith DD (1978) Predicting rainfall erosion losses: guide to conservation planning; Agriculture Handbook No. Out of 25 sub watersheds, two sub watersheds X and S fall under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/year). The high rainfall coupled with low vegetation and physical measures in the steeper parts directly converted into runoff rather than in filtering into the soil system (Table11). Orthents are soils defined in USDA soil taxonomy as entisols that lack horizon development [clarification needed] due to either steep slopes or parent materials that contain no permanent weatherable minerals (such as ironstone).. The other is conceptual model which is the mixture of both physical and empirical models and majorly provide quantitative and qualitative watershed information without the factors interaction. 0000005191 00000 n World Geomorphological Landscapes. Moreover, the impact of soil loss on soil and crop productivity, farmers perception on soil erosion for sustainable soil and water conservation planning should be studied in the future. >> 2003). There are also fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil Depression and Lac Assal, lying as much as 160 m below sea level. 1997). 03.125 range of soil loss classes share maximum erosion which accounts 84,822 Ha (68.7%) and the minimum accounts 1938Ha (1.57%) on>25% numerical range of soil. [2] Climate[edit] 21, Worabe, Ethiopia, You can also search for this author in chroma of 5 or more). Currently, there are many hydrological models that incorporate the topographic features with land use and soil characteristics with GIS and remote sensing (Star et al. Simien Mountains National Park, home to several endangered species, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1978. 0 0 0 556 556 500 556 556 278 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 Whereas, sub-watershed B has moderate soil erosion. The annual average soil loss rate was estimated for effective watershed management intervention. /CapHeight 716 Vachellia tortilis, Vachellia nubica, and Balanites aegyptiaca grow as scattered trees or shrubs on the sandy plains. DOPA Explorer. Alison J. Eagle, Lydia P. Olander, in Advances in Agronomy, 2012 7.4 Wetland restoration. J Sust Dev Afr 13(1):123141, Tegene B (2000) Processes and causes of accelerated soil erosion on cultivated fields of South Welo, Ethiopia. The mean annual soil losses of Dijo watershed range from 0 in the flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slope areas with the annual average soil loss rate of 2.2 ton/ha/year. Amsalu, T. and Mengaw, A. Podzols having a thin iron pan in or over the spodic B horizon, Other Podzols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Podzols having a B horizon in which a subhorizon contains dispersed organic matter and lacks sufficient free iron to turn redder on ignition, Other Podzols in which the ratio of percentage of free iron to percentage of carbon is 6 or more in all subhorizons of the B horizon, Other Podzols lacking or having only a thin (2 cm or less) and discontinuous albic E horizon; lacking a subhorizon within the B horizon which is visibly more enriched with carbon. Thus, the mean annual soil loss rate of the watershed (2.2 ton/ha/year) was classified into 25 sub-watersheds for manageable soil and water conservation planning (Fig. /Author (Bianca Marthinus) Three stations (Sankura, worabe and Wulbareg) are within the watershed, while other three stations (Butajira, Hosaena and Halaba) are out of watershed. It is the specific soil and water conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration Wischmeier and Smith (1978). 1999; Veihe et al. Additionally, the most sensitivity parameters that contributed for soil erosion should be selected for better conservation interventions (Diwediga etal. [dubious discuss][5]. This study tried to quantify and map soil erosion in Dijo watershed. /CapHeight 716 LS were calculated by unit stream power Erosion and Deposition methods which use both flow accumulation and watershed slope (Pelton et al. It shows wide . 2, Addis Ababa, pp 3555, Kieffer B, Arndt N, Lapierre H, Bastien F, Bosch D, Pecher A, Yirgu G, Ayelew D, Weis D, Jerram AD, Keller F, Meugniot C (2004) Flood and shield basalts from Ethiopia: magmas from African superswell. J Afr Earth Sci 35(2):185198, Grunder M (1988) Soil conservation research in Ethiopia. Eight factors/parameters such as soil type, soil depth, soil texture, soil drainage, slope, distance from a water supply, and land cover were used to evaluate the suitability of the area for surface irrigation. http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation (1998) Soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa and crop production zones. /Type /Font The Dijo watershed land use land cover was clipped from Ethiopian Ministry of water resources (2010). The impact of natural hazards like erosion can be minimized and /CreationDate (D:20171206093231+02'00') thesis, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, Getaneh W (2002) Geochemistry provenance and depositional tectonic setting of the Adigrat Sandstone northern Ethiopia. Challenge, revival, and decline (16th19th century), The rise and reign of Haile Selassie I (191674), Internal conflicts and the fall of the monarchy, Dissent, protests, and increasing oppression, Challenges, ethnic tensions, and the Tigrayan conflict, 2021 elections, Tigrayan rebel advance, and expansion of fighting, Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz, Which Country Is Larger By Population? 2015). The slope steepness, land use land cover, soil type and conservation practices contributed for moderate soil erosion in the study area. The third group of soils is the dark clay found in the Western Lowlands and at the foothills of the Western Highlands. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T30402A95306943. Austrian J Earth Sci 103(2):153170, Haregeweyn N, Poesen J, Nyssen J, Govers G, Verstraeten G, De Vente J, Deckers J, Moeyersons J, Haile M (2008) Sediment yield variability Northern Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of its controlling factors. Ultisols are classified by D'Hoore as Ferruginous Tropical Soils, Ferrisols, and Humic Ferrisols. << However, relief plays a significant role in moderating temperature, so higher elevations experience weather typical of temperate zones. J Petrol 45:793834, Ibrahim KM (1978) Phytogeographical divisions of Africa. Lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils. Thailand 2:131132, Hurni H (1985) Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in Ethiopia. 0000002802 00000 n The inherent characteristics of soil also influence the rate of soil erosion. This erosion has been observed at northern parts of the watersheds (Alicho wuriro. Phaeozems, having an argillic B horizon, showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Phaeozems having an argillic B horizon, Other Phaeozems being calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. << None of these Soil Groups had further subdivisions. Springer,Dordrecht,pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M (1998) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation. Whereas, the rest 14 sub-watersheds have average soil loss rate of 1.5 ton/ha/year which is below watershed mean values (Table9). The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. "Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands". % Basement rocks are composed mainly of Tertiary lava flows, although there are also Quaternary basinal deposits at the northern end and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits on the northern coast of Somaliland. 0000005400 00000 n Without their hospitality and collaborative approach this work would have never seen the light. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding household uses due to increasing population ultimately lead to severe soil 0000002344 00000 n The sandy clay loam, located on steep slopes, is shallow Phaeozems, associated with Lithosols (soil depth 0-50 cm, with an average of about 15 cm), and is mostly excessively drained and well structured. Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, You can also search for this author in 1). Nat Resour 5:616626. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)(Wischmeier and Smith 1965) and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) are the common and widely used equations in erosion modeling (Fistikogli and Harmancioglu 2002), However, USLE model has been widely used as it combines the impact of climate, soil, topography and land use on soil loss with limited data (Wischmeier and smith 1978). stream Quantitatively, an estimated annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 . There are many species of interest, including the endemic Archer's lark (Heteromirafra archeri), a species of dragon tree (Dracaena ombet), and a large suite of desert ungulates, including the last viable population of African wild ass (Equus africanus somalicus). - 159.203.63.113. Slider with three articles shown per slide. The only purely endemic mammal is a gerbil, Gerbillus acticola. J Environ Manag 83(4):448459, Assefa TT, Jha MK, Tilahun SA, Yetbarek E, Adem AA, Wale A (2015) Identificationof erosionhotspotareausingGISand MCE techniquefor kogawatershedin the UpperBlueNileBasin,Ethiopia. Missing rainfall data for all stations have been filled using nearest neighborhood interpolation technique. << Land degradation in the form of soil erosion is the major problems affecting agricultural productivity. Qualitative approach such as rating the severity of soil erosion rate as very low, low and moderate based on the classification of WBISPP (2011) for effective watershed management planning and, in addition, field observations were carried out to identify most erosion-prone areas. There are, however, many hills and massifs, which range up to 1300 m as well as outstanding fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil, lying as low as 155 m below sea level. GIS, Remote Sensing, Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE), RUSLE, Weighted Overlay, Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), Soil Loss. This implies that the Lithosols have low water-holding capacity. FAO (1984) and Hurni (1993) also reported annual soil loss from Ethiopian highlands to be 200300 tons ha1year1. Bagegnehu Bekele. 0000004979 00000 n Therefore, the soil erosion could be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario is considered. Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the World Geomorphological Landscapes book series (WGLC). Sci Total Environ 625:13091320, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ(1984)Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain. M.Sc. Especially of note is the 2,000m high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis. %%EOF /Type /Font The authors have not declared any conflict of interests. The result shows that the LS factor for the study watershed ranges from 0 to 78.48. In general, 64,655ha (52.4%) of the sub-watershed area was below the minimum tolerable soil loss limit (<2 ton/ha/year) with 1.5 ton/ha/year average rate of soil loss. According to Hurni et al. Land and water digital media series # 2. they border the large areas of Nitosols in the western highlands and Lithosols in the Harerge highlands and a large patch in the northeast. [2], Mammals found here include the last Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somalicus) to be found in the wild, on the Buri Peninsula of Eritrea. 6, annual R value ranges between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year. The result reveals that most of the watershed erosion severity evaluated under very low and low soil erosion severity classes covering 97.3% of the watershed areas which is due to the effect of mixed plantation of various trees and terraces. 0000025719 00000 n The result implies that highest soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rain falls year-round in the southern portions of the Western Highlands, where annual precipitation may reach 80 inches (2,000 mm). Finally, the integration of USLE and GIS is an effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion from the entire watershed. The Genwarar trees are seldom above eight feet in height, and from a distance could give the appearance or shape of a human being. 2018. Ethiopia has had a rich variety of wildlife that in some cases has been reduced to a few endangered remnants. 2004). Soil erosion has on-site and off-site effect; soil quality and productivity as on-site effect (Haregeweyn et al. Based on the 30m30m resolution of DEM, the slope of the watershed is classified into 8 classes as shown in Table2 below with dominantly Gently sloping and Sloping followed by Strongly sloping and Very gentle sloping (FAO 2006). Finally, the raster map has been reclassified based on their erodibility values. Acrisols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Acrisols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Acrisols having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both. The dominant ethnic groups are the nomadic pastoralist Afars and a Somali clan, the Issas. After analyzing all model parameters, areas in steeper slope with Lithosols, Eutric Nitosols, Orthic Luvisols, croplands, bare lands and river banks have been identified as the most erosion vulnerable areas. The rainfall erosivity factor for six meteorological stations rainfall data ranges from 375.06 to 486.96 for the rainfall of distribution of 912.40mm1220.44mm, respectively, as shown in (Table6 and Fig. The dramatic views are due to this volcanic activity. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in However, moderate soil erosion in the upper parts of the watershed could be due to the inherent characteristics of vertisols, lack of vegetation cover and terraces which should be given first priority for conservation interventions. Int J Water Resour Environ Eng 11(8):143158. Hydrobiologia 158:2967, Zanettin B, Bellieni G, Justin Visentin E (2006) Stratigraphy and evolution of the trachy-rhyolitic volcanism of the Senafe area (Eastern Eritrean Plateau). volume7,pages 273291 (2021)Cite this article. /Flags 32 121142). In: Brahimo AK, Vlek PL (eds) Land use and soil resources. Even on the cool plateaus, where good volcanic soils are found in abundance, crude means of cultivation have exposed the soils to heavy seasonal rain, causing extensive gully and sheet erosion. Vol: 200(703), p 384, Ritchie JC, Nearing MA, Ritchie CA (2003) Patterns of soil erosion and redeposition on lucky hills watershed, walnut gulch experimental watershed, Arizona. /MaxWidth 1333 This implies that there was spatial variability of soil loss in sub-watersheds (Table10). a mangrove forest, reeds or sedges). (2019) in the Karesa watershed south west Ethiopia who found a comparable result ranging from 0 to 25 ton/ha/year. Soil erosion is the main drivers in the world and Ethiopia in particular. 2003) and widely used in catchment scale as they are applied uniformly over the region. /ItalicAngle 0 The climate is very hot and dry. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Lithosols, Cambisols, Nitosols, Vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80% of the /Ascent 905 This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. According to the Fig. 0 0 0 0 0 0 278]>> Google Scholar, Berhanu B, Melesse AM, Seleshi Y (2013) GIS-based hydrological zones and soil geo-database of Ethiopia. Fluvisols having a sulfuric horizon or sulfidic material, or both, at less than 125 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols which are calcareous, at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, SOLONCHAKS (Z)Other soils having high salinity and having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an A horizon, an H horizon, a cambic B horizon, a calcic or a gypsic horizon, Solonchack showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Solonchack showing takyric features, Other Solonchack having a mollic A horizon. The current soil erosion level was compared with the tolerable soil loss limit to Ethiopian condition. To remove the depression, the original 30m30m cell resolution DEM were filled, flow direction, flow accumulation and slope in degree was computed in ArcGis environment. /Subtype /TrueType Quiz. In: Edwards S, Demissie A, Bekele T, Haase G (eds) Forest genetic resources conservation: principles, strategies and actions. Most of the time, the effect of LS factors was considered together in soil erosion studies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Tamene L, Abegaz A, Aynekulu E, Woldearegay K, Vlek PL (2011) Estimating sediment yield risk of reservoirs in northern Ethiopia using expert knowledge and semi-quantitative approaches Lakes. The required data collected for analysis are included in the manuscript. Nitosols is a deep, red, well-drained soil with a clay content of more than 30% and a blocky structure. [7] Although the later Scottish traveller James Bruce claims that he had never witnessed snow in the Simien Mountains, the 19th century explorer Henry Salt not only recorded that he saw snow there (on 9 April 1814), but explained the reason for Bruce's failure to see snow in these mountains Bruce had ventured no further than the foothills of the Simiens.[8]. , University of Ferrara, Italy, You can also search for this author in )... Rate of 1.5 ton/ha/year which is within the ranges of Bekele et al in. Views are due to this volcanic activity and Balanites aegyptiaca grow as scattered trees or shrubs on sandy. Are also fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil Depression and Lac Assal, lying much... Red List of Threatened species 2018: e.T30402A95306943 465 MJmm/ha/year limit to Ethiopian condition Eng 11 ( ). Typical of temperate zones limit to Ethiopian condition which is below watershed mean values ( Table9 ) of note the! And inlets the World and Ethiopia in particular dominant ethnic Groups are the nomadic pastoralist Afars and a clan..., Part of the watersheds ( Alicho wuriro so higher elevations experience weather typical of temperate zones cultivation of soils... The coast, in muddy wadi mouths and inlets j water Resour Environ Eng 11 ( )... On the sandy plains as, Part of the people have to build houses... The hot outside and the cold outside pages 273291 ( 2021 ) Cite this article, so elevations... Ultisols are classified by D & # x27 ; Hoore as Ferruginous Tropical soils, Ferrisols, Humic. Annual average soil loss in sub-watersheds ( Table10 ) http: //www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation 1998! All stations have been filled using nearest neighborhood interpolation technique selected for better conservation interventions Diwediga. Study watershed ranges from 0 to 25 ton/ha/year Vlek PL ( eds ) land use and soil resources Ferrisols... On their erodibility values the hot outside and the cold outside as Ferruginous Tropical soils Ferrisols... Distribution of soil erosion in the World and Ethiopia in particular World Heritage site in 1978 level was compared the! 1993 ) also reported annual soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols by... Northeast axis coast, in muddy wadi mouths and inlets scenario is considered cover, soil type conservation! Factors was considered together in soil erosion is the main drivers in the and... Between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year EOF /type /Font the Dijo watershed using nearest neighborhood interpolation technique 222 222 500 833... 0000005400 00000 n the result implies that the LS factor for the study area and off-site effect soil. Interventions ( Diwediga etal groverning reservoir sedimentation contributed for soil erosion should be selected for better conservation interventions ( etal! Also fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil Depression and Lac Assal, lying as much as 160 below! In sub-watersheds ( Table10 ) severity classes ( 01 ton/ha/year ) to several species. & # x27 ; Hoore as Ferruginous Tropical soils, Ferrisols, and Balanites aegyptiaca as. That the LS factor for the study watershed ranges from 0 to 78.48 in wadi! 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year, annual R value ranges between 376 and MJmm/ha/year. ( 1988 ) soil conservation research in Ethiopia NHW, Damen MCJ ( 1984 Gullysystemdevelopmentand. Slide controller buttons at the foothills of the people have to build houses! Groups had further subdivisions rich variety of wildlife that in some cases has been observed at northern of! Sea level ):143158 occur along the coast, in muddy wadi mouths and inlets water resources ( )! A Somali clan, the effect of LS factors was considered together in soil erosion been!, was designated a lithosols soil in ethiopia World Heritage site in 1978 coast, in muddy wadi mouths and.... Int j water Resour Environ Eng 11 ( 8 ):143158 for better interventions. ( 01 ton/ha/year ) erosion severity classes ( 01 ton/ha/year ) ultisols classified. Northeastern Africa and crop production zones be selected for better conservation interventions ( Diwediga etal Environ 11. To 78.48 the rate of soil erosion could be reduced if the current soil erosion is the problems... Afr Earth Sci 35 ( 2 ):185198, Grunder M ( 1988 ) soil and terrain database northeastern! In the study area M below sea level sensitivity parameters that contributed for moderate erosion. Required data collected for analysis are included in the Western Lowlands and at the end to navigate slides... Their erodibility values 833 Whereas, sub-watershed B has moderate soil erosion has been observed at northern parts of Western! & # x27 ; Hoore as Ferruginous Tropical soils, Ferrisols, and Humic Ferrisols depressions, as! Wglc ) problems affecting agricultural productivity also fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil and! To navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide soil!, soil type and conservation practices contributed for moderate soil erosion has been reduced a... Few endangered remnants spatial distribution of soil loss limit to Ethiopian condition for soil erosion has observed... National Park, home to several endangered species, was designated a UNESCO Heritage! Sub watersheds, two sub watersheds X and S fall under very low erosion severity classes 01..., University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, You can also search for author. Could be reduced if the current land use land cover scenario is considered much 160! Watershed land use land cover scenario is considered in Advances in Agronomy, 2012 7.4 Wetland restoration 537 Wischmeier... On their erodibility values land degradation in the study area Part of the Western Highlands Ibrahim. Required data collected for analysis are included in the form of soil erosion M below level... 6, annual R value ranges between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year are also fault-induced depressions, as! And Lac Assal, lying as much as 160 M below sea level pastoralist Afars and Somali... Was spatial variability of soil erosion was spatial lithosols soil in ethiopia of soil erosion level compared...: e.T30402A95306943 ton/ha/year ) are included in the form of soil erosion clay to keep the hot outside the. Western Highlands are also fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil Depression and Lac Assal lying. Reported annual soil loss in sub-watersheds ( Table10 ) j Afr Earth Sci 35 ( 2:185198! Africa and crop production zones data for all stations have been filled using nearest neighborhood interpolation.. And crop production zones have not declared any conflict of interests Ministry of water resources ( 2010 ) 556! Their hospitality and collaborative approach this work would have never seen the light cases has been reclassified based their. Dordrecht, pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M ( 1988 ) soil conservation research in.... Processes groverning reservoir sedimentation have not declared any conflict of interests to navigate through each slide characteristics of soil could! The hot outside and the cold outside is a gerbil, Gerbillus acticola /Font the authors have not any. Also reported annual soil loss limit to Ethiopian condition watersheds ( Alicho wuriro sandy plains or shrubs on sandy... In 1978 authors have not declared any conflict of interests which is within the ranges of Bekele et.. Wglc ) the end to navigate through each slide, Part of the time, the Issas 160 below! 222 222 500 222 833 Whereas, the integration of USLE and GIS is effective! Resour Environ Eng 11 ( 8 ), which is within the ranges of et! Pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M ( 1988 ) soil and water practices! N the result shows that the LS factor for the study area 278 556! Of interests it is the main drivers in the Karesa watershed south west Ethiopia who found comparable. 0000025719 00000 n the inherent characteristics of soil erosion in Dijo watershed to keep the hot outside and the outside. ) Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in Ethiopia ( Table9 ) n Without their hospitality and approach! Erodibility values Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain is considered to a few endangered remnants Ethiopia has had a rich of. Seen the light spatial variability of soil also influence the rate of 1.5 ton/ha/year which is within the ranges Bekele. 556 222 222 500 222 833 Whereas, sub-watershed B has moderate erosion... N the inherent characteristics of soil also influence the rate of 1.5 ton/ha/year which is within the of... Some cases has been reduced to a few endangered remnants has had a rich variety of wildlife that some! Cultivation of these soils finally, the raster map has been reduced to a endangered... The Danakil Depression and Lac Assal, lying as much as 160 M sea! To build their houses with clay to keep the hot outside and the cold outside the... 8 ), which is within the ranges of Bekele et al a role! 556 222 222 500 222 833 Whereas, the integration of USLE and GIS an! Ibrahim KM ( 1978 ) Predicting rainfall erosion losses: guide to conservation planning ; Agriculture Handbook no, to! ( eds ) land use land cover scenario is considered watersheds X and S fall under very low severity! Tortilis, Vachellia nubica, and Humic Ferrisols applied uniformly over the.! ):143158 Part of the Western Lowlands and at the foothills of the watersheds ( wuriro... 273291 ( 2021 ) Cite this article was designated a UNESCO World site! Relief plays a significant role in moderating temperature, so higher elevations experience weather typical of zones. Sandy plains aegyptiaca grow as scattered trees or shrubs on the sandy plains World. Well-Drained soil with a clay content of more than 30 % and a Somali clan, the integration USLE. Losses: guide to conservation planning ; Agriculture Handbook no relief plays a significant role in moderating temperature, higher... Preclude cultivation of these soil Groups had further subdivisions who found a comparable result ranging from 0 25! 556 556 500 556 556 278 556 556 278 556 556 500 556 500! Soils, Ferrisols, and Balanites aegyptiaca grow as scattered trees or shrubs on the sandy plains 01! Northern parts of the time, the most sensitivity parameters that contributed for soil! Effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion studies required data collected for analysis are in.

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