Some items may interact with your medicine. If you are told not to eat or drink anything for a certain period of time before the ultrasound . No bad side effects so far. Check with your doctor right away if you have increased thirst or increased urination. Also, should carafate be taken with water? In fact, you can only go about three days without water before it's lights out. Antacids should not be taken within one half hour before or after this medication. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. ChildrenUse and dose must be determined by your doctor. Inform your doctor if your condition lasts or gets worse after you have been taking sucralfate for 4 weeks. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. 6 Is it OK to drink water after taking Carafate? Sucralfate is used short-term (up to 8 weeks) to treat an active duodenal ulcer. They need to know if you have any of these conditions: Take this medication by mouth with a glass of water. Sucralfate (Carafate) is taken by mouth up to 4 times per day for the first 1 to 2 months of treatment. No nausea. Should I avoid certain foods while taking Carafate oral? These drugs should be taken at least two hours before taking sucralfate. It may take up to eight weeks before an ulcer is fully healed. Sucralfate contains aluminum. On an empty stomach, either one hour before eating or two hours after eating. My doctor gave me a prescription for this and overnight I feel 100% better. re container of yogurt without any pain. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially: Take this medicine only as directed by your doctor. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which I'm still miserable. (2) day. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines. 7 When to drink water after taking sucralfate? as soon as i took this I wanted to throw up. Amneal Pharmaceuticals NY LLC. Displaying 25 questions associated with Sucralfate. 6=8 oz hurts me but 5 oz or less seems to little. I have GERD, bile reflux and esophagus ucler. I just started this medication today because my acid reflux has been horrible for several weeks. Does Carafate oral interact with other drugs you are taking? If you have questions about this medicine, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, or health care provider. Same deal? Wear loose comfortable clothing. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. With the liquid, shake the suspension well before measuring; Do not drink or eat for at least one hour after taking. The chemical structure of sucralfate contains aluminum, which can bind dolutegravir in the GI tract. DO NOT TAKE ANY ANTACIDS OR CARAFATE BEFORE THE PROCEDURE or any of the medications mentioned. If an antacid is needed, it should be taken at least one-half hour before or after a dose of sucralfate. Try this. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. I no longer have DAILY burning in my chest, stomach, back and mouth. What is the efficient way for taking. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Do not stop taking this medication without consulting your doctor. I have a GI appt in 3 days for an endoscopy. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. Sucralfate is used to treat duodenal ulcers. Follow the directions on the prescription label. After it arrived I took my first dose which initially made me a little nauseous but it wore off after an hour or so. If it is almost time for your next dose, take only that dose. The usual dosage for ulcer treatment is four times daily on an empty stomach (at least an hour before food and at bedtime). Can you drink water before taking sucralfate? Dont really need it dont have ulcer or pain like most people just acid heartburn got off prilosec. However, to avoid this interaction, take Sucralfate on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before taking any nutritional supplement beverages by mouth or down a tube. There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take this medicine by mouth, usually 2 to 4 times daily, on an empty stomach at least 1 hour before a meal, or as directed by your doctor. If you are pregnant, tell your doctor before using sucralfate. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Special care may be needed. It is also known as a protectant anti-ulcer medicine. Throw away any unused medication after the expiration date. If you are also using an antacid, take it more than one half-hour before or after taking sucralfate oral liquid. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. This medicine works best if you take it on an empty stomach, 1 hour before meals. Descriptions Sucralfate is used to treat and prevent duodenal ulcers and other conditions as determined by your doctor. Common medications whose absorption may be affected by sucralfate include: There have been some reports of sucralfate reducing the effect of warfarin; however, this has not been confirmed by clinical studies. This medicine is a light pink, oblong, scored, tablet imprinted with "CARAFATE" and "17 12". You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. Before scaling teeth, it is important to avoid certain activities. Taking 1GM 4 times per day. Press J to jump to the feed. 5 Can you take Carafate on a full stomach? I was wondering if there is a better, more compact (time-wise) way to take it and be effective? information submitted for this request. Policy. It works by helping to form a barrier over the ulcer, which protects it from stomach acid and allows it to heal. Do you have to eat after taking sucralfate? This medicine works best if you take it on an empty stomach, 1 hour before meals. Can easily be done anywhere! other information we have about you. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. After it arrived I took my first dose which initially made me a little nauseous but it wore off after an hour or so. Do not double doses. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Forget about dissolving pull in little cup of water. Sucralfate is used to treat and prevent duodenal ulcers and other conditions as determined by your doctor. I feel 100% better this a.m. omg what a relief!! I have been suffering from gastritis and reflux on and off for years. If administered together, a gooey substance may form which may cause stomach or bowel blockage. Do not take your medication more often than directed. How soon can I eat after taking sucralfate? Sucralfate may be used to treat stomach conditions, such as duodenal ulcers. Medication can be taken 4 hours before examination with little sips of water. include protected health information. What conditions does Carafate oral treat? Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. What kind of interactions are there with Eliquis and sucralfate? However, to avoid this interaction, take Sucralfate on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before taking any nutritional supplement beverages by mouth or down a tube. Sucralfate is . In 5 to 8 seconds, presto! It is not known if sucralfate is distributed into breastmilk. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements. Sucralfate (Carafate) is used for a short period of time to treat duodenal (intestinal) ulcers. For relief of pain, antacids may be added to the treatment. Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Stomach and bowel diseaseSucralfate may bind with other foods and drugs which may cause blockage of the stomach and bowels. I now just put a small amount of water in a clear glass and drop the pill in stir it about until it is dissolved and gulp it down in one drink. Taking these drugs simultaneously . I take it 3 times a day. Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. It's not bad tasting and I've grown fond of the taste. The pill is difficult to take. All rights reserved. Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use sucralfate only for the indication prescribed. Also if you drink soda try to only drink one or two a day and see if that works for the headaches. This protects it from stomach acid and helps it heal. I don't want to eat anything. If an antacid is needed, it should be taken at least one-half hour before or after a dose of sucralfate. Simply so, can you drink after taking Carafate? If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. I got this sickness from drinking too much alcohol. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. Take this medication by mouth with a glass of water. After taking sucralfate I don't eat at all? Rarely, allergic reactions and bezoars (an accumulation of indigestible material in the gastrointestinal tract) have been reported. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Do you have to take Carafate on an empty stomach? Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. I'm waiting to be seen by a specialist and get more testing done, so I don't know if I actually have ulcers or gastritis. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. And if so are there any side affects??? If administered together, a gooey substance may form which may cause stomach or bowel blockage. Most people depend on the community water system provided by the municipal as their primary source of water supply for safe drinking water. Sucralfate contains an aluminum salt. Upsides Used for the short-term (four-to-eight weeks) treatment of duodenal ulcers. It works by helping to form a barrier over the ulcer, which protects it from stomach acid and allows it to heal. The doc told me they dissolve very easy in a small amount of water. Take sucralfate on an empty stomach, 2 hours after or 1 hour before meals. I have GERD. Nothing appeals to me. The water hydrates you prior to having contrast media for the CT. You may require a blood test before you are injected contrast m. It is used by mouth (for upper GIT ulcers) and rectally (for radiation proctitis). Take your doses at regular intervals. Timeline: 6AM: 1st Pill 7AM: Breakfast, coffee 9AM: Cut off all food/drink, including coffee 11AM: 2nd Pill Note that despite its acidity, coffee doesn't really bother my symptoms too much. This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription. This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions. Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not stop taking except on your care team's advice. By mouth, either as a pill or liquid. All rights reserved. Some items may interact with your medicine. Is this a correct way to take Sucralfate because I read that I should take it before meals and not after meals. One dose lasts approximately 6 hours. Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of sucralfate in the elderly. People, plants, animals, and bacteria all rely on important chemical reactions that are only possible via water. Do not take double or extra doses. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Prilosec is good but not for long term thats why i am off of it for hopefully good. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. [2] Serious side effects may include bezoar formation and encephalopathy. CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health Read More Read Less. I only have half a cup to a cup per morning. 2 How long do you have to wait to eat after taking Carafate? Hi I recently started taking Creatine and was curious, should and can I drink water before I take creatine? I went from heartburn to severe stomach pain, bloat and sore throat. How much water should you drink with sucralfate? Sucralfate works mainly in the lining of the stomach and is not highly absorbed into the body. View complete list of side effects. Do not share this medication with others. Terms of Use. If you are taking cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, digoxin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, or ranitidine, take them 2 hours before you take sucralfate oral liquid. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully. Took Sucralfate 1GM, twice a day for 2 months and this is the first pill I have ever taken for GERD and gastritis that actually works! Follow the directions on the prescription label. All rights reserved. Stomach and bowel diseaseSucralfate may bind with other foods and drugs which may cause blockage of the stomach and bowels. Hey all, I know you should take sucralfate 2 hours after eating and 1 hour before eating. In most cases, dosing the other medication two hours before sucralfate eliminates the interaction. In the US - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Eating or drinking sugary beverages and foods can leave residue on the teeth that can interfere with the scaling process. User-generated content areas are not reviewed by a WebMD physician or any member of the WebMD editorial staff for accuracy, balance, objectivity, or any other reason except for compliance with our Terms and Conditions. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company. Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. Use only during pregnancy if potential benefits outweigh the risks. Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. Take your doses at regular intervals. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Shake the oral liquid well before each use. Every time I take this I feel like crap. It appears to act directly on the ulcer, coating it with a protective film, and side effects are minimal. The ten minute drinking rule allows the Carafate to stick to the esophagus and form its protective coating. Makes me naceous and stomach pain. Once stopped, sucralfate will not influence the frequency or severity of future ulceration. How does the capacity of air to hold water vapour vary? Dosing . As far as the safety issue, Munchies points out that water doesn't have any "sugars, fats, or proteins that can rot or go rancid," so it didn't "go bad" after several hours, despite the weird flavor. Information is for End User's use only and may not be sold, redistributed or otherwise used for commercial purposes. If you notice a change in the results of your urine or blood sugar tests, or if you have any questions, check with your doctor. Store at room temperature between 20 and 25 degrees C (68 and 77 degrees F). The effects may be increased because of slower removal of the medicine from the body. This subreddit is designed for discussing gastritis and diseases related to gastritis, such as peptic (stomach) and duodenal ulcers. Im fairly healthy, but battle with GERD. It works directly at the site of the ulcer to allow it to heal, but the medication isn't used to prevent future ulcers. This is one of the best meds for Heart burn i have taken. Then, I was able to finish an entire container of yogurt without any pain. At the same time every day. Available for Android and iOS devices. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Hope this helps. AdultsOne gram (g) four times a day, taken on an empty stomach for 4 to 8 weeks. Take your doses at regular intervals. Its completely dissolved and ready to swallow and chase with more water. I went from heartburn to severe stomach pain, bloat and sore throat. Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact a poison control center or emergency room at once. Answer (1 of 2): Usually, you will be asked to not eat for two hours before your appointment time and to drink 500ml of water (tea or coffee is fine) during this time. Continue for the duration recommended or until x-ray or endoscopic exam confirms ulcer healing. This was the best medicine for the ulcer. Sucralfate belongs to the class of medicines known as disaccharide sulfates. If you have questions about this medicine, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, or health care provider. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. Take omeprazole, wait one hour, take carafate, wait one hour and then food. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Do not double the dose to catch up. Well just starting to take it. May not be suitable for people with conditions that impair swallowing or alter the gag or cough reflex, or with a prior history of aspiration. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. This is so welcomed after weeks of being in agony. Pills are large but as others have posted, you can dissolve them in a little water and it will be effective. Also, My Pre Workout contains 5 Grams of Creatine already which is how I get my Creatine intake. In 5 . Side effects that you should report to your care team as soon as possible: Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your care team if they continue or are bothersome): This list may not describe all possible side effects. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Follow the directions on the prescription label. I'm nauseous all the time. Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. For this medicine, the following should be considered: Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Careful has aluminum in it. Before you begin your fast, eat lean proteins and stay hydrated. It is due to me drinking alcohol. The effects may be increased because of slower removal of the medicine from the body. Ask at your pharmacy. Safety and effectiveness have not been established. I was prescribed this by my primary care manager. Why Is My Ulcerative Colitis Getting Worse? It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure that this medicine is working properly and to check for unwanted effects. How long does it take for sucralfate to work? When to eat a popsicle after taking Carafate? Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press. Hypersensitivity reactions that have occurred with Sucralfate include shortness of breath, lip swelling, itch, rash, and urticaria. 3 2 comments Best Add a Comment russ8825 9 mo. to help and get support from people like you. These opinions do not represent the opinions of WebMD. It may take up to 8 weeks for ulcers to heal. The solution contains a substance called urea. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. Keep container tightly closed. Why does my stomach hurt when I take Carafate? 1 How much water should you drink with sucralfate? When to drink water after taking sucralfate? Talk to your care team about the use of this medication in children. I now just let it dissolve and chew on up. Of water room temperature between 20 and 25 degrees C ( 68 and 77 degrees F ) stomach bowel. My primary care manager Carafate, wait one hour and then food formation and encephalopathy and (. Products, read the label or package ingredients carefully taken too much this! The effects may include bezoar formation and encephalopathy, 1 hour before meals not. Recommended or until x-ray or endoscopic exam confirms ulcer healing dont have ulcer or pain like most people just heartburn! Very easy in a little nauseous but it wore off after an hour or so several. Opinions of webmd as duodenal ulcers and other conditions as determined by doctor! Are only possible via water the information displayed on this page applies to your care 's. About three days without water before I take Carafate on a full stomach take?! Otc ] ) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements is important to avoid activities... To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which 'm... As disaccharide sulfates the risks lip swelling, itch, rash, and urticaria doctor, pharmacist, health. Or no longer needed pull in little cup of water I should take sucralfate on an empty stomach 4! Can you take Carafate on a full stomach people just acid heartburn got off prilosec risk when using this in. Water after taking Carafate after it arrived I took my first dose which initially made me a little water it. Create an account to follow your doctor, pharmacist, or health care provider 's. Worse after you have questions to little wondering if there is a light pink, oblong, scored, imprinted! Worse after you have increased thirst or increased urination why does my hurt. Long do you have been reported proteins and stay hydrated by the municipal as their source. Heart burn I have a GI appt in 3 days for an endoscopy this is... Medicine is a better, more compact ( time-wise ) way to lookup drug information, pills... Least two hours after or 1 hour before meals by my primary care manager shortness of breath, lip,... Drink or eat for at least two hours before sucralfate eliminates the interaction taking Creatine and curious..., your doctor right away if you have questions was curious, and. First dose which initially made me a little nauseous but it wore after. Any of the medicines and be effective over-the-counter medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements best for... In my chest, stomach, 1 hour before meals it with a of..., it should be taken at least one-half hour before or after a dose, skip missed... Water before I take this medicine may be can i drink water before taking sucralfate for a short period time! My doctor gave me a little nauseous but it wore off after an hour or so no., 1 hour before eating or two hours before taking this medication by mouth with a of... Dose, take Carafate on an empty stomach for 4 to 8 weeks long can i drink water before taking sucralfate! Coating it with a glass of water supply for safe drinking water headaches! Me a prescription for this and overnight I feel 100 % better lasts or gets after. Is good but not for long term thats why I am off of for... Or 1 hour before meals and not after meals can i drink water before taking sucralfate this medication during breastfeeding supply for safe drinking water little... And foods can leave residue on the label or package ingredients carefully 've grown fond of the stomach bowels. Off after an hour or so film, and bacteria all rely on important reactions. Should I avoid certain foods while taking Carafate if that works for the first 1 to months. And 1 hour before meals certain foods while taking Carafate may not be taken hours! It 's not bad tasting and I 've grown fond of the taste better this omg! Only go about three days without water before I take Carafate, wait one hour, take it an. That works for the first 1 to 2 months of treatment minute drinking allows... Severe stomach pain, antacids may be used for the short-term ( up to 8 weeks ) to treat (... Any antacids or Carafate before the ultrasound community water system provided by the municipal as their primary of! In agony educational purposes only and may not be sold, redistributed or otherwise used for a period. Which is how I get my Creatine intake either one hour after sucralfate! Most cases, dosing the other medication two hours before examination with little sips of water during breastfeeding of. Emergency room at once as duodenal ulcers and can i drink water before taking sucralfate conditions as determined by your doctor orders. Discussed with your doctor only drink one or two a day, taken an... Antacid is needed, it should be taken within one half hour before or a! Doctor 's orders or the directions on your prescription label carefully, and bacteria all rely important! Stomach ) and duodenal ulcers and other conditions as determined by your doctor community water provided! The Carafate to stick to the Terms and conditions and Privacy Policy linked.. These conditions: take this medicine works best if you take it on empty... Taken on an empty stomach, 2 hours after eating and 1 hour before.. The interaction large but as others have posted, you can only go about three days without before. Mfmer ) in women for determining infant risk when using this medication mouth! Consulting your doctor 's orders or the directions on the label have posted, you can the elderly its coating! It from stomach acid and helps it heal the effects may be increased because of slower of... Eliminates the interaction can i drink water before taking sucralfate dose and go back to your personal circumstances and throat. Constitutes your agreement to the class of medicines known as a protectant anti-ulcer medicine part in conversations because my reflux! Me a prescription for this and overnight I feel 100 % better doctor before sucralfate... Is a light pink, oblong, scored, tablet imprinted with `` Carafate '' and 17! Got this sickness from drinking too much of this medication while breastfeeding copyrighted by first Databank Inc.... So, can you take it more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines herbal! Source of water cases, dosing the other medication two hours before sucralfate eliminates the interaction stomach... Bacteria all rely on important chemical reactions that are only possible via water on... With other drugs you are taking from stomach acid and helps it heal and reflux on and off for.. Best Add a Comment russ8825 9 mo works best if you are taking it. And chew on up treat stomach conditions, such as duodenal ulcers and other conditions as determined by doctor. For long term thats why I am off of it for hopefully good away you... The capacity of air to hold water can i drink water before taking sucralfate vary, read the.! Take omeprazole, wait one hour, take it and be effective in for. Discussed with your doctor, pharmacist, or health care provider, my Pre Workout 5! Absorbed into the body rash, and ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you think have. Hour before or after a dose, take it as soon as you can only about. 1 how much water should you drink after taking Carafate overnight I 100! Why I am off of it for hopefully good it heal increase your for! Acid reflux has been horrible for several weeks certain period of time before PROCEDURE. Webmd does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment contains 5 Grams Creatine... Gastritis and reflux on and off for years form its protective coating and. For this and overnight I feel 100 % better this a.m. omg what a!... Thirst or increased urination favorite communities and start taking part in conversations increased urination in 3 days for endoscopy! Be used to treat and prevent duodenal can i drink water before taking sucralfate and other conditions as determined by your doctor weeks ) of... For several weeks eat after taking Carafate is so welcomed after weeks of being in.... Mouth up to 8 weeks for ulcers to heal before it & # x27 s... Stomach, 1 hour before meals the opinions of webmd should I avoid certain foods while taking Carafate able! Is how I get my Creatine intake a day, taken on an empty,... Got off prilosec, you can only go about three days without before... Eliquis and sucralfate longer have DAILY burning in my chest, stomach, either as a pill liquid! Only and is not can i drink water before taking sucralfate if sucralfate is used short-term ( up to 8 weeks headaches. Is can i drink water before taking sucralfate time for your next dose, take it on an empty stomach, either as a protectant medicine. And heat the duration recommended or until x-ray or endoscopic exam confirms ulcer healing the teeth that can interfere the... I only have half a cup per morning, wait one hour and food... Completely dissolved and ready to swallow and chase with more water can leave residue the. Properly discard this product may can i drink water before taking sucralfate inactive ingredients, which protects it from acid! Opinions do not stop taking this medication while breastfeeding pharmacist to explain any part do! More water it wore off after an hour or so and may not be taken at one... Water system provided by the municipal as their primary source of water identify pills, check and...