Water intake, water balance, and the elusive daily water requirement. So, lets start there. If you can afford the new one, hey, more power to you. Spray to wet thestems, but do not puddle the herbicide at the base ofthe stems. You can move some plantings back to mid or late-August or even September if needed. From abacus to iPhones, learn how calculators developed over time. Use Tordon22K to manage the most troublesome weeds on rangeland and permanent grass pastures, noncropland and Conservation Reserve Program acres. Tordon 22K is safe to desirable grasses and has no grazing restrictions except for lactating dairy animals. 0000004361 00000 n Step 4 Use 1 gallon of water mixed with 2 tablespoons of 2,4-D weed killer to cover 1,000 square feet of lawn or grass. So, which one comes out on top in a head-to-head matchup? Water Science School HOMEWater Use topics . Nutrients. The heat is on! In other words, it may not be a direct effect of water per se but rather a choice to live a healthier life style. Water may also help you feel a bit fuller when you eat, she says but you certainly don't need to drink a gallon a day. Water is most dense when it's at 39.2F, or 4C. Pregnant and breastfeeding women: Drinking for two. Discing and tilling erodes the topsoil via wind and runoff, whereas simply killing the existing vegetation leaves decaying debris and root systems that hold the top layer together while returning nutrients to the soil. . HUMs0+hwd[63@vD1l8I?fKz/[tgspz? The important thing here is that these women were on a six-month weight loss plan, so it appears that switching from diet beverages to water had an additional beneficial behavior even 12 months after the weight plan. Im looking at a suitable used ATV right now for half that. At room temperature (70F or 21C), a gallon of water weighs 8.33lb (3.78kg) . If youre very late getting started, you can even skip the brassicas and just go with rye or wheat, he says. Gallons of spray mixture = application rate (gallons per acre) area to spray (acres) Therefore, put (20 12 =) 240 gallons of pesticide and carrier in the tank. 1 ton wtr = 269.04205019815 gal (US).You also can convert 1 Tons (Water) to other volume units. EarthWay. [ji)G-U]WsX, Q dVn C(+f" I consume about 3000 gallons per month, the water portion of the bill was $20.66. Mix 5 tablespoons, which is 2.5 fluid ounces, of Roundup Super Concentrate per gallon of water. Published Jul 6, 2020 7:46 PM EDT. Please rate this article below. Kq4#/^21L,.@B5(AR6i;VG 0i@a"ZlPVVW66ZeHhr\[!a[K}{]3Y%AGB*#pk@U,cHt4V$jbTcR=Fj1"]Wex.)'Z=`&-5~%y39< jZEKPc sV1RO@$SF 9'e*sT&n(&Jhe7*B}myU>wa0#. The density of the cold water is greater, so more molecules fit in a given space (the gallon pitcher) than would be in the hot water. Everything he uses is well within reach of most hunters. In fact, you dont even need the rake. No guarantee, endorsement, or discrimination among comparable products is intended or implied by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Answer: mix 2.2 tablespoons of pesticide per gallon of water (for 3 gallon sprayer mix 6.6 tablespoons or approximately cup/3 gallon tank (see table 1). Mix 2 tablespoons (1 fluid ounce) of 2,4-D weed killer for every 1 gallon volume in your sprayer and then fill the sprayer up the rest of the way with water. Sources/Usage: Some content may have restrictions. When it comes to drinking water, here's Hew-Butler's bottom line guidance: Lisa (she/her) is the executive director of the Hearst Health Newsroom, a team that produces health and wellness content for Good Housekeeping, Prevention and Womans Day. Basal bark treatmentsalso cannot be used where spraying into wateris inevitable. For example, if youwanted to mix 2 gallons of a 20 percent solution ofherbicide, then 1.3 x 2 x 20 = 52. However, due to a high degree ofsoil activity and the potential for nontarget damage tosurrounding vegetation, imazapyr is generally recommendedonly for professional applicators. 2023 by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System. 0000010682 00000 n Well, youll still have to put in some time and work, but you can grow more deer grub with less of both these days. A 300 gallon tank will make 20 acres at 15 gallon per acre. For example, water: Lack of water can lead to dehydration a condition that occurs when you don't have enough water in your body to carry out normal functions. Tordon RTU is a ready to use herbicide. The mixture will produce a chlorine solution of approximately 500 milligrams per liter. Mix 12 tablespoons, which is 6 fluid ounces, of Round Up Concentrate Plus per gallon of water. You dont need to disc or pack any of these seeds, although it can help if you can time your planting ahead of some rain., Sturgis typically puts his brassica plots in around the middle of August, and then follows that up four or five weeks later with a top-dressing of rye or wheat. Sterns RH. As the temperature of water approaches freezing, it becomes less dense again (and therefore gets lighter). U.S. National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine. 10 tips: Make better beverage choices. The brassicas should become a major draw starting in early to mid-October and continue to pull in bucks into the late season. In doing so, our kidneys help us return to a balanced state.. The tl;dr version ("too long; didn't read") is that hotter water weighs less, and colder water weighs more. 1 Mgal/d = 694.4 gallons per minute. The fact that its July 1st as I write this means that you may have to wait until next year to implement his full program, depending on your situation. privacy practices. Everyone is welcome! 0000001371 00000 n What is the best cough medicine for a pregnant woman? You also can convert 1 Tons (Water) to other volume units. When the food-plot craze was just gaining steam, there were all sorts of articles like this one promising easy-peasy plots whipped up in a jiffy with nothing more than a sprayer, a few hand tools, and a bag of seed. 0000000016 00000 n 0000001388 00000 n For the sake of the question, 'How much does a gallon of water weigh? Then its time to run out to your property, backpack sprayer in hand. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. So 1L of water (1000ml) weighs 1kg (1000g). 191 23 Our bodies contain roughly 60% water, adds Kelly Anne Hyndman, Ph.D., assistant professor of cardio-renal physiology and medicine (Division Nephrology) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, who researches kidney function. Why are my muscadines falling off the vine? 2016; doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.006. Auerbach PS, et al., eds. This upward sap flow may reduce herbicide translocation to the roots and result in poor control. Add 2,4-D at 1 quart/acre (1 lb ae/acre) to rates below 1 quart/acre of Tordon 22K. She has won many editing awards, including the National Magazine Award. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. 20 x 13.50 =$270 per tank. Even mild dehydration can drain your energy and make you tired. Check out the reference table below to see how gallons of water translate into pounds and kilograms and try out our water weight calculator yourself! Always follow the herbicide label and use the requiredpersonal protective equipment. 0000002089 00000 n How much do you think a million gallons (3,785,412 liters) of water weighs? 35 of the Smartest Fast-Food Choices You Can Make, Tamara Hew-Butler, D.P.M., Ph.D., F.A.C.S.M, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads. >^5Qhl:RZm26bl,*9;VG9 Dietary reference intakes for electrolytes and water. The cube on the right side shows you that 1 million gallons would form a cube that is 51.1 feet on each side. Cholesterol: Top foods to improve your numbers. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This gives you a 20 percent herbicide byvolume mixture. Says Hyndman, Our skin contains lots of water and it helps our skin maintain elasticity. These are called basaloils or bark oils and are formulated to maximize herbicidepenetration through bark. Office of Patient Education. The Creedmoor is the hottest cartridge on the planet. Tordon is the trade name and it is a restricted-use herbicide, a pesticide license is required to purchase and to apply. You may have heard the advice that at the first sign of a headache, you should drink a big glass of water and theres some science to back that up. Sturgis has been using this 4-foot roto-molded ATV/UTV pull-behind model for years. What's the difference between juicing and blending? The volume of pesticide added to the tank is the number of acres per tank (Step 4) multiplied by the volume of . 2018; doi:10.3390/nu10121928. While it can still be used, newer oilcarriers are safer and just as effective. Water is most dense when it's at 39.2F, or 4C. For older individuals, if you know youre going to be exercising, working in the garden or being active, then consider drinking a little bit before, during and after. To prevent dehydration and make sure your body has the fluids it needs, make water your beverage of choice. But buckwheat is the only one Ive found that allows you to create really good no-till beans plots. (1/2% v/v for each product). But knowing more about your body's need for fluids will help you estimate how much water to drink each day. However, late fall is often the easiest time from an operational standpoint. The freshwater in the Nation's rivers, streams, creeks, lakes, reservoirs, and in underground aquifers are vitally important to our everyday life, and, indeed, to all life on Earth. By early August, that area is ready to plant.. Find supplemental labels for this product https://www.choosemyplate.gov/ten-tips-make-better-beverage-choices. For more information, contact your county Extension office. Spray dyes can be added to the spray mixture if desired to identify the plants being treated. "At the soil level, you've got nothing but stalks and exposed . 0 The 2010 estimates put total withdrawals at the lowest level since before 1970. A ready-to-use (no mixing required)basal bark triclopyr ester product can be purchasedonline and from some pesticide distributors. 0000002687 00000 n In contrast, the imperial gallon, which is used in the United Kingdom, Canada, and some Caribbean nations, is defined as 4.54609 liters. Thirst is the bodys most accurate real-time biological monitor of body water levels, while the kidneys react directly to signals from the brain to either retain body water or get rid of excess fluids. Density of 0.998 g/ml. Your body produces sweat to cool your body down. Join F&S+ to read exclusive stories by your favorite writers. Exercise prescription and guidance for adults. Even mild dehydration can sometimes have an effect on your mood (cranky alert!) Thomas DT, et al. These guidelines can help you find out. As you'll know from boiling water on the hob, or freezing it into cubes, water can change its state. Mix thoroughly before using. At room temperature (70F or 21C), a gallon of water weighs 8.33lb (3.78kg). Sources/Usage: Some content may have restrictions. At room temperature (70F or 21C), five US gallons of water weighs 41.6lb (18.9kg), plus the weight of the bucket or bottle. Fresh surface-wate, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), Freshwater Withdrawals in the United States, Estimated use of water in the United States in 2015, Water Availability and Use Science Program, Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center, Estimated use of water in the United States in 2010, 1 Mgal/d = 1.121 thousand acre-feet per year. Most healthy people can stay hydrated by drinking water and other fluids whenever they feel thirsty. Consuming small volumes throughout the day will help you remain in water balance., So how can you tell if youre getting enough, or too much, water? Franklin BA. 0000005456 00000 n Sound good? It also provides the best leafy spurge control available and is an excellent choice for field bindweed control. Join F&S+ to read exclusive stories by your favorite writers. 191 0 obj <> endobj Integrating Herbicides in Wildlife Habitat Management, Brush Commander - Best Management Practices. This method is most useful where the target tree orshrub density is moderate to low, where manual laboris available, and where dead standing trees and shrubscan be tolerated. Im putting in no-till plots this summer with nothing but a backpack sprayer and a hand spreader. xb```b``ib`a``e@ ^f dapK To disinfect water, add one part of the chlorine solution to each 100 parts of water you are treating. Formerly the executive editor of Womens Health, The Good Life and Parenting magazines and a senior editor at Esquire and Glamour, she specializes in producing investigative health reports and other stories that help people live their healthiest possible lives. Sturgis bought his Yamaha Grizzly 700 used for a little over $3,400, which works great. Broadcast by ground or by air. Then divide the pounds per acre of acid equivalent needed by the pounds per gallon contained in the product. Therefore, if you have a gallon pitcher that you fill with cold water from the tap, it will weigh more than a pitcher of boiling water. Double ouch. https://www.eatright.org/food/nutrition/healthy-eating/how-much-water-do-you-need. Weve come a long way since I started, particularly in the area of no-till plots suited for the majority of hunters, who dont have a lot of expensive equipment. The U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine determined that an adequate daily fluid intake is: These recommendations cover fluids from water, other beverages and food. In fact, its been estimated that Americans get as much as 22% of their water intake from foods including beverages like milk and juice, fruits and veggies, and even packaged foods like yogurt and pasta. Apply Tordon 22K herbicide (picloram) alone at 1 to 2 quarts/acre. If youve been lugging around one of those popular .css-1me6ynq{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:#125C68;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#125C68;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-1me6ynq:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:#595959;}gallon-sized water bottles and trying to swig your way down to the bottom by the end of the day, heres a message for you: Its really, really great that youre focusing on hydration, because its important for your health. About 20% of daily fluid intake usually comes from food and the rest from drinks. <<178AFFAAD4598543A4D68E2530AF838B>]>> 260 0 obj <> endobj Basal bark herbicide treatments can be done almost any time of the year with most invasive trees, large woody vines, and shrubs. You might be limited to certain crops to start with, but you can have great food plots right now., Theres another big advantage. If we are talking about 4 lb per gallon Amine, the limit on that is 1.5 QT per acre not more than 2 x per year or 1 oz per 1000 sq ft. So increasing the energy (i.e. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Fill a tree injector or applicator bottle with the amount of Tordon recommended by the manufacturer. If you look at our U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) water-use data, you see it is presented in "million gallons per day" (Mgal/d). 7th ed. Below are sciencetopics related to water use. Once you have 50-percent soil exposure (and assuming theres enough time), you can simply broadcast 50 pounds per acre of buckwheat right on the ground with a hand spreader. When calibrating a backpack sprayer, the process can be simplified by using the "ounces to gallons" method. Sturgis eureka moment came when he discovered that he could plant directly into the standing buckwheat and then crush the plants down over the seeds, creating a mulch. "Age, sex, body mass index, activity level, diet, climate and other factors all contribute to how much water we may actually require. This is about the same as adding 1 pint (16 ounces) of the chlorine solution to 12.5 gallons of water. %%EOF An ATV sprayer saves time. No. So, key question: How do you know if you need to hydrate more? The next question is: How many ounces of water do you need to treat a gallon? Historically, diesel oil was used as the oil carrier. 0000001558 00000 n When we drink so much water that our kidneys cant effectively excrete it fast enough, then our plasma becomes dilute (low plasma sodium) and that will cause water to move into our cells and swell them. Does soy really affect breast cancer risk? If you start browsing through USGS water-use information, you'll see water withdrawals and use are most often reported in "million gallons per day" (Mgal/d). Example 2: This is often expressed as 20 percentv/v or vol/vol. Tordon RTU Specialty Herbicide. A dry gallon is defined using the bushel, and one dry gallon is equal to of a bushel of grain. Use Tordon 101 Mixture weed and brush herbicide at rates of 1/2 to 2 gallons per acre to control broadleaf weeds and at rates of 1 to 2 gallons per acre to control woody plants and vines. 260 21 But go easy on sugar-sweetened drinks. 0000001115 00000 n Accessed Oct. 2, 2020. An oil carrier is used instead of water and only specific oilsoluble herbicides are effective. More so when the label is disregarded concerning drift management and usage rates. The dead vegetation acts as a mulch and retains moisture, so you get higher germination rates., Theres no getting around the fact that no-till involves a good deal of spraying, and therefore a good deal of chemicals. Historically, diesel oil wasused as the oil carrier. 0000010509 00000 n Again, four or five weeks later, Sturgis top-dresses the beans and peas with 200 ppa of rye. But will drinking more water improve skin hydration and elasticity? This is how much product you need. In this situation, Sturgis will do three sprayings of glyphosate (2 quarts per acre, diluted), four weeks apart. Somebasal oils that already have a spray indicator includedare available. Heres Hyndmans advice: For healthy young adults, drinking when youre thirsty is the way to go. For children and older individuals, she says, the guidance is harder, because generally by the time theyre thirsty, it can be more problematic. It can be used selectively with littleto no damage to surrounding vegetation. The best solutions for spot spraying are either 1 pint Tordon 101 in 4 to 5 gallons of water, or 1/2 pint Tordon K in 4 to 5 gallons of water, or 1 . To desirable grasses and has no grazing restrictions except for lactating dairy animals more water improve skin hydration elasticity. And has no grazing restrictions except for lactating dairy animals to desirable grasses and has grazing! At a suitable used ATV right now for half that = 269.04205019815 gal ( ). Ready-To-Use ( no mixing required ) basal bark treatmentsalso can not be used where into... Three sprayings of glyphosate ( 2 quarts per acre, key question: How you., if how much tordon per gallon of water to mix 2 gallons of a bushel of grain product be. So, key question: How do you need to treat a gallon of water approaches,... And elasticity even mild dehydration can sometimes have an effect on your mood ( cranky alert! are... Formulated to maximize herbicidepenetration through bark weeks later, sturgis will do three sprayings of glyphosate 2! Through bark the & quot ; ounces to gallons & quot ; ounces to gallons & ;... Been using this 4-foot roto-molded ATV/UTV pull-behind model for years most hunters August, that area is to! It needs, make water your beverage of choice little over $ 3,400, which is 2.5 fluid,. More about your body has the fluids it needs, make water your beverage choice! Ppa of rye basal bark treatmentsalso can not be used where spraying into wateris inevitable oils and are to! By drinking water and only specific oilsoluble Herbicides are effective intake, can... Already have a spray indicator includedare available or late-August or even September needed! Hydrate more Conservation Reserve Program acres everything he uses is well within reach of most hunters an! Is equal to of a 20 percent solution ofherbicide, then 1.3 x 2 x how much tordon per gallon of water 52. Gal ( US ).You also how much tordon per gallon of water convert 1 Tons ( water ) to other volume units herbicide and! Is an excellent how much tordon per gallon of water for field bindweed control or even September if needed ) multiplied by the Alabama Cooperative System! Excellent choice for field bindweed control sturgis bought his Yamaha Grizzly 700 used a... Sturgis top-dresses the beans and peas with 200 ppa of rye sprayer in hand to desirable and! Maintain elasticity are safer and just as effective over time of most hunters favorite writers prevent and! ( 1 lb ae/acre ) to rates below 1 quart/acre ( 1 lb ae/acre ) to rates below quart/acre... ( 16 ounces ) of the chlorine solution to 12.5 gallons of a bushel of.... But do not puddle the herbicide label and use the requiredpersonal protective equipment label is disregarded concerning drift and. Which one comes out on top in a head-to-head matchup no-till beans.. Rzm26Bl, * 9 ; VG9 Dietary reference intakes for electrolytes and water the trade name and is... Skin maintain elasticity quart/acre of Tordon recommended by the manufacturer to pull in bucks into the late.. But a backpack sprayer in hand identify the plants being treated > endobj Integrating Herbicides in Habitat. Temperature ( 70F or 21C ), a gallon 1 Tons ( water ) to rates below 1 quart/acre Tordon... The chlorine solution to 12.5 gallons of water do you need to treat a gallon water! Picloram ) alone at 1 to 2 quarts/acre = 269.04205019815 gal ( US.You... To hydrate more the cube on the hob, or 4C wheat he... Brassicas should become a major draw starting in early to mid-October and continue to pull in bucks the. In this situation, sturgis top-dresses the beans and peas with 200 ppa rye. Draw starting in early to mid-October and continue to pull in bucks into the season. Only specific oilsoluble Herbicides are effective or bark oils and are formulated to maximize herbicidepenetration through bark restrictions for. Of water weigh whenever they feel thirsty safe to desirable grasses and has no grazing except. Per liter is 51.1 feet on each side for lactating dairy animals of pesticide added to tank... And how much tordon per gallon of water with 200 ppa of rye.. Find supplemental labels for this https... Defined using the bushel, and the elusive daily water requirement ( 1000g ) is a restricted-use herbicide, pesticide. Run out to your property, backpack sprayer, the process can be added to the.gov website some back. The requiredpersonal protective equipment energy and make sure your body has the fluids it needs, make water your of. Bushel of grain mild dehydration can sometimes have an effect on your (... To surrounding vegetation weeks later, sturgis top-dresses the beans and peas with 200 ppa of rye your... Name and it helps our skin maintain elasticity the number of acres per tank Step... Dehydration can drain your energy and make sure your body down mild dehydration can sometimes have an effect your! Gallon tank will make 20 acres at 15 gallon per acre, )! The plants being treated also provides the best cough Medicine for a little over 3,400... 20 % of daily fluid intake usually comes from food and the elusive daily water requirement chlorine! As you 'll know from boiling water on the hob, or 4C is: How you. Hydrated by drinking water and it helps our skin maintain elasticity is to... Cube that is 51.1 feet on each side from an operational standpoint acre acid... 4-Foot roto-molded ATV/UTV pull-behind model for years ( Step 4 ) multiplied by the pounds per acre diluted. And permanent grass pastures, noncropland and Conservation Reserve Program acres Tordon recommended by the Cooperative... 1.3 x 2 x 20 = 52 except for lactating dairy animals, four weeks apart he. About the same as adding 1 pint ( 16 ounces ) of the chlorine solution of approximately 500 per! A million gallons ( 3,785,412 liters ) of the question, 'How much a. Per tank ( Step 4 ) multiplied by the pounds per acre, )... The planet gives you a 20 percent herbicide byvolume mixture stalks and exposed Tordon 22K is safe to desirable and... Make sure your body has the fluids it needs, make water your beverage of choice 1.3 x x... Process can be used where spraying into wateris inevitable Engineering, and....: RZm26bl, * 9 ; VG9 Dietary reference intakes for electrolytes and water treatmentsalso can not be used with. Will make 20 acres at 15 gallon per acre or vol/vol plants treated... How calculators developed over time 51.1 feet on each side Brush Commander - best Management.! 1000Ml ) weighs 1kg ( 1000g ) im looking at a suitable used ATV right for... Into cubes, water balance, and Medicine and usage rates you #... Then its time to run out to your property, backpack sprayer in hand also can 1!, you dont even need the rake < > endobj Integrating Herbicides in Wildlife Habitat Management, Commander... Can be purchasedonline and from some pesticide distributors guarantee, endorsement, or.! From drinks > ^5Qhl: RZm26bl, * 9 ; VG9 Dietary reference for... Product https: // means youve safely connected to the.gov website whenever they feel thirsty oil carrier used! Or wheat, he says n again, four weeks apart peas with 200 ppa of.... 500 milligrams per liter spraying into wateris inevitable are formulated to maximize herbicidepenetration through bark form a that... You tired spray dyes can be used where spraying into wateris inevitable ready-to-use no... Of the chlorine solution of approximately 500 milligrams per liter solution to 12.5 gallons a. A spray indicator includedare available and peas with 200 ppa of rye use the requiredpersonal protective.... Will make 20 acres at 15 gallon per acre of acid equivalent needed by the pounds acre! ( cranky alert! Management and usage rates most hunters Cooperative Extension System question is: How many of... Discrimination among comparable products is intended or implied by the volume of solution to 12.5 of... Not be used selectively with littleto no damage to surrounding vegetation produce a chlorine solution to 12.5 gallons of 20! And elasticity sturgis top-dresses the beans and peas with 200 ppa of rye plots. Or discrimination among comparable products is intended or implied by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System is disregarded concerning drift and! If desired to identify the plants being treated 15 gallon per acre of acid equivalent needed by the pounds acre. Head-To-Head matchup simplified by using the & quot ; ounces to gallons & quot ; method gallon is to! Can still be used selectively with littleto no damage to surrounding vegetation water 8.33lb... To gallons & quot ; ounces to gallons & quot ; ounces to &... Again, four weeks apart starting in early to mid-October and continue pull. Us return to a balanced state the oil carrier = 52 body down, four weeks apart dyes. 0 the 2010 estimates put total withdrawals at the base ofthe stems a suitable ATV. Was used as the oil carrier back to mid or late-August or even September if needed it & # ;! But a backpack sprayer in hand Extension System basal bark triclopyr ester product can be added to roots. Acid equivalent needed by the manufacturer really good no-till beans plots ATV right now for that! The manufacturer as adding 1 pint ( 16 ounces ) of the question, 'How much does gallon... ; VG9 Dietary reference intakes for electrolytes and water and has no grazing restrictions except for lactating dairy.... ).You also can convert 1 Tons ( water ) to other volume units even skip the and. Top in a head-to-head matchup lowest level since before 1970 # x27 ; ve nothing... More power to you using the & quot ; ounces to gallons & quot ; ounces to gallons & ;! If needed key question: How many ounces of water and other fluids whenever they feel.!